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Exploration of Relationships Among Gender Microaggressions, Psychological Distress, Self-Silencing, and Self-Esteem in a Sample of Females in Hong Kong.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Exploration of Relationships Among Gender Microaggressions, Psychological Distress, Self-Silencing, and Self-Esteem in a Sample of Females in Hong Kong./
Author:	Lillian, Yuan Siu Loong.
Description:	1 online resource (180 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-06, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International82-06B.
Subject:	Clinical psychology. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28152177click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798698587644

Exploration of Relationships Among Gender Microaggressions, Psychological Distress, Self-Silencing, and Self-Esteem in a Sample of Females in Hong Kong.
Lillian, Yuan Siu Loong.

Exploration of Relationships Among Gender Microaggressions, Psychological Distress, Self-Silencing, and Self-Esteem in a Sample of Females in Hong Kong. - 1 online resource (180 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-06, Section: B.

Thesis (Psy.D.)--Alliant International University, 2020.

Includes bibliographical references

Gender microaggressions are a subtle kind of sexism and are frequently experienced by females in many societies. Like sexism, gender microaggressions are the manifestation of beliefs and attitudes that women are lesser than men. Unlike overt sexism, gender microaggressions deliver sexist messages insidiously, leaving recipients confused and unsure about the implicit meanings and further creating psychological distress and pressure in recipients. Factors, such as and self-silencing behaviors and self-esteem, have been found to affect the relationship between overt sexism and psychological distress; however, it is unclear whether these factors affect the relationship between experiences of gender microaggressions and psychological distress. The goal of this study was to explore the relationships between gender microaggressions and psychological distress and the extent to which self-esteem and self-silencing behavior influenced this relationship among females in Hong Kong. A convenient sample of 86 adult females were recruited online. Participants completed the Sexist Microaggressions Experiences and Stress Scale (Sexist MESS), the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES), the Silencing the Self Scale (STSS), the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), and the General Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7), which measured gender microaggressions, self-esteem, self-silencing behavior, symptoms of depression, and symptoms of anxiety, respectively. Results indicated that increases in the frequency of gender microaggressions was associated with increases in depressive symptoms. Regression analyses further illustrated that frequency of gender microaggressions predicted levels of depression even after controlling for self-silencing behavior or when holding self-esteem constant. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis also revealed that self-esteem moderated the relationship between frequency of encounters with gender microaggressions and levels of anxiety. Finally, exploration into the prevalence of gender microaggressions incidents suggested that hiding emotions in public to avoid being seen as too emotional and overhearing males talk about other females in degrading terms were the most commonly and most stressful experienced scenarios by this sample of Hong Kong females. Though not as commonly experienced, overhearing others joke about rape and hearing people with authority blame women for sexual assault were the among the most stressful scenarios to participants when encountered. More research is needed to further understand the underlying relationships among the constructs studied in this research.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2023

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798698587644Subjects--Topical Terms:

524863
Clinical psychology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Gender microaggressionsIndex Terms--Genre/Form:

542853
Electronic books.

Exploration of Relationships Among Gender Microaggressions, Psychological Distress, Self-Silencing, and Self-Esteem in a Sample of Females in Hong Kong.
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245 1 0 $a Exploration of Relationships Among Gender Microaggressions, Psychological Distress, Self-Silencing, and Self-Esteem in a Sample of Females in Hong Kong.
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500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-06, Section: B.
500 $a Advisor: Loong, Natalie.
502 $a Thesis (Psy.D.)--Alliant International University, 2020.
504 $a Includes bibliographical references
520 $a Gender microaggressions are a subtle kind of sexism and are frequently experienced by females in many societies. Like sexism, gender microaggressions are the manifestation of beliefs and attitudes that women are lesser than men. Unlike overt sexism, gender microaggressions deliver sexist messages insidiously, leaving recipients confused and unsure about the implicit meanings and further creating psychological distress and pressure in recipients. Factors, such as and self-silencing behaviors and self-esteem, have been found to affect the relationship between overt sexism and psychological distress; however, it is unclear whether these factors affect the relationship between experiences of gender microaggressions and psychological distress. The goal of this study was to explore the relationships between gender microaggressions and psychological distress and the extent to which self-esteem and self-silencing behavior influenced this relationship among females in Hong Kong. A convenient sample of 86 adult females were recruited online. Participants completed the Sexist Microaggressions Experiences and Stress Scale (Sexist MESS), the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES), the Silencing the Self Scale (STSS), the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), and the General Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7), which measured gender microaggressions, self-esteem, self-silencing behavior, symptoms of depression, and symptoms of anxiety, respectively. Results indicated that increases in the frequency of gender microaggressions was associated with increases in depressive symptoms. Regression analyses further illustrated that frequency of gender microaggressions predicted levels of depression even after controlling for self-silencing behavior or when holding self-esteem constant. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis also revealed that self-esteem moderated the relationship between frequency of encounters with gender microaggressions and levels of anxiety. Finally, exploration into the prevalence of gender microaggressions incidents suggested that hiding emotions in public to avoid being seen as too emotional and overhearing males talk about other females in degrading terms were the most commonly and most stressful experienced scenarios by this sample of Hong Kong females. Though not as commonly experienced, overhearing others joke about rape and hearing people with authority blame women for sexual assault were the among the most stressful scenarios to participants when encountered. More research is needed to further understand the underlying relationships among the constructs studied in this research.
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650 4 $a Social psychology. $3 520219
650 4 $a Sexism. $3 526801
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650 4 $a Women. $3 531755
650 4 $a Stress. $3 524402
650 4 $a Self esteem. $3 3562235
650 4 $a Gender studies. $3 2122708
653 $a Gender microaggressions
653 $a Hong Kong
653 $a Psychological distress
653 $a Self-esteem
653 $a Self-silence
653 $a Subtle sexism
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