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Translatome Analysis Reveals Microglia and Astrocytes to be Distinct Regulators of Inflammation in the Hyperacute and Acute Phases After Stroke.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Translatome Analysis Reveals Microglia and Astrocytes to be Distinct Regulators of Inflammation in the Hyperacute and Acute Phases After Stroke./
Author:	Hernandez, Victoria Guadalupe.
Description:	1 online resource (81 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-12, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International84-12A.
Subject:	Gender differences. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=30462703click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798379649548

Translatome Analysis Reveals Microglia and Astrocytes to be Distinct Regulators of Inflammation in the Hyperacute and Acute Phases After Stroke.
Hernandez, Victoria Guadalupe.

Translatome Analysis Reveals Microglia and Astrocytes to be Distinct Regulators of Inflammation in the Hyperacute and Acute Phases After Stroke. - 1 online resource (81 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-12, Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2023.

Includes bibliographical references

Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and long-term disability. Neuroinflammation after stroke can significantly affect stroke outcomes-it can clear dead tissue and aid neuroplasticity but also exacerbate cell death. However, the exact astrocytic and microglial signaling pathways initiating neuroinflammation after stroke are unresolved and will be critical for developing immunomodulatory stroke therapies. In Chapter 1, I give background on the progression of stroke, status quo of treatments, and the genetic tools used to profile gene expression changes in microglia and astrocytes. Furthermore, I lay out the key gaps in knowledge and give an overview of how this dissertation fills those gaps. In Chapter 2, to parse the astrocytic and microglial response from that of infiltrating cells in the brain after stroke, we used the RiboTag technique to separately obtain astrocyte and microglia-derived transcriptional responses. By crossing floxed RiboTag mice with Aldh1l1- CreER or Cx3cr1-CreER mice, we tagged astrocytic or microglial ribosomes, respectively, and then isolated cell-specific mRNA from ribosomes immunoprecipitated from brain tissue. We performed RNA-sequencing on astrocyte or microglia-specific transcripts obtained from peristroke cortex in male and female mice 4 hours and 3 days after distal middle cerebral artery occlusion or sham surgery. Few sex differences were observed. Microglia initiated a rapid response to stroke at 4 hours by adopting a proinflammatory profile associated with the recruitment of immune cells while the astrocyte profile was dominated by stress response, as well as proinflammatory genes. By 3 days, microglia have dampened their inflammatory response in exchange for a proliferative, phagocytic state. At this timepoint, astrocytes have enhanced their pro-inflammatory response and may be doing this through transcriptional regulation. Taken together this data comprehensively describes the astrocyte and microgliaspecific translatome response in the hyperacute and acute period after stroke and identifies pathways critical for initiating neuroinflammation. Chapter 3 summarizes the findings, provides additional discussion, and comments on future directions to be taken.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2023

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798379649548Subjects--Topical Terms:

3548331
Gender differences.
Index Terms--Genre/Form:

542853
Electronic books.

Translatome Analysis Reveals Microglia and Astrocytes to be Distinct Regulators of Inflammation in the Hyperacute and Acute Phases After Stroke.
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520 $a Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and long-term disability. Neuroinflammation after stroke can significantly affect stroke outcomes-it can clear dead tissue and aid neuroplasticity but also exacerbate cell death. However, the exact astrocytic and microglial signaling pathways initiating neuroinflammation after stroke are unresolved and will be critical for developing immunomodulatory stroke therapies. In Chapter 1, I give background on the progression of stroke, status quo of treatments, and the genetic tools used to profile gene expression changes in microglia and astrocytes. Furthermore, I lay out the key gaps in knowledge and give an overview of how this dissertation fills those gaps. In Chapter 2, to parse the astrocytic and microglial response from that of infiltrating cells in the brain after stroke, we used the RiboTag technique to separately obtain astrocyte and microglia-derived transcriptional responses. By crossing floxed RiboTag mice with Aldh1l1- CreER or Cx3cr1-CreER mice, we tagged astrocytic or microglial ribosomes, respectively, and then isolated cell-specific mRNA from ribosomes immunoprecipitated from brain tissue. We performed RNA-sequencing on astrocyte or microglia-specific transcripts obtained from peristroke cortex in male and female mice 4 hours and 3 days after distal middle cerebral artery occlusion or sham surgery. Few sex differences were observed. Microglia initiated a rapid response to stroke at 4 hours by adopting a proinflammatory profile associated with the recruitment of immune cells while the astrocyte profile was dominated by stress response, as well as proinflammatory genes. By 3 days, microglia have dampened their inflammatory response in exchange for a proliferative, phagocytic state. At this timepoint, astrocytes have enhanced their pro-inflammatory response and may be doing this through transcriptional regulation. Taken together this data comprehensively describes the astrocyte and microgliaspecific translatome response in the hyperacute and acute period after stroke and identifies pathways critical for initiating neuroinflammation. Chapter 3 summarizes the findings, provides additional discussion, and comments on future directions to be taken.
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