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The Differential Influence of Physical Fitness and Exercise on Cognitive Control : = A Test of Potential Biological Markers of Underlying Neural Mechanisms.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	The Differential Influence of Physical Fitness and Exercise on Cognitive Control :/
其他題名:	A Test of Potential Biological Markers of Underlying Neural Mechanisms.
作者:	Shigeta, Tatsuya Theodore.
面頁冊數:	1 online resource (119 pages)
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-02, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International84-02B.
標題:	Cognitive psychology. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=29327041click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798841752943

The Differential Influence of Physical Fitness and Exercise on Cognitive Control : = A Test of Potential Biological Markers of Underlying Neural Mechanisms.
Shigeta, Tatsuya Theodore.

The Differential Influence of Physical Fitness and Exercise on Cognitive Control :A Test of Potential Biological Markers of Underlying Neural Mechanisms. - 1 online resource (119 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-02, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Northeastern University, 2022.

Includes bibliographical references

This dissertation assessed physical fitness and physical activity as lifestyle factors that can benefit cognitive and brain health. The known influence of physical fitness and acute physical activity on cognitive function are individually reviewed. Evidence and methodological considerations from the literature are detailed to set the stage for the current dissertation, which had two main aims: 1) to assess whether physical fitness was related to cognitive control in older adolescents, and 2) to examine whether pupil dilation may serve as an index of acute physical activity effects on inhibitory controlParticipation in physical activity supports greater cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), a correlate of cognitive control. However, the relationship between muscular fitness (MF) and cognitive control is less clear. The first study in this dissertation investigated the differential relationship of CRF and MF with cognitive control in older adolescents (15 - 17 years). This cross-sectional study involved students from 20 secondary schools who completed tests of inhibitory control (modified flanker task), working memory (n-back task), CRF (Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run), and MF (standing long jump and push-up test). Multilevel analyses tested the association between CRF or MF and cognitive outcomes while accounting for the influence of the other fitness variable and relevant demographic factors. CRF predicted response accuracy during incongruent flanker trials, the condition requiring greater inhibition. For the working memory task, CRF predicted greater target accuracy and greater d' scores on the 1-back task, requiring lesser amounts of working memory. In the 2-back task, which requires greater amounts of working memory, CRF also predicted greater target and non-target accuracy and d' scores. Comparatively, MF did not predict any cognitive outcomes after adjustment for CRF. Accordingly, CRF was selectively related to better performance during task conditions that required greater amounts of inhibition and working memory. These findings suggest that CRF, but not MF, may benefit cognitive control in older adolescents. Previous research has established the beneficial impact of acute physical activity (i.e., exercise) on cognitive performance, which has inspired investigations into neurobiological mechanisms that may underlie the observed benefits. Pupillary responses have been posited to reflect activation of such underlying neurobiological mechanisms. The second study in this dissertation recruited healthy young adults to investigate the effects of a single bout of moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise on subsequent task performance and pupillary responses during an inhibitory control task. Results showed that an acute bout of exercise was related to shorter reaction times and increased tonic pupil dilation during an inhibitory control task. Although pupillary responses did not mediate the acute exercise effect on inhibitory control, higher cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with greater phasic pupil dilation following exercise relative to seated rest. The current study supported the plausibility of the pupillary response as a marker of locus coeruleus norepinephrine (LC-NE) system activation that is sensitive to acute exercise. Whether pupillary responses could account for transient benefits of acute exercise on brain and cognition remains unclear.In the General Discussion, I cover the findings of the current dissertation and extend on the evidence, mechanisms, and theory that link physical fitness and acute bouts of exercise to cognitive and brain health. I also cover the limitations associated with our studies, and the implications of our findings for future research. I close my dissertation with a conclusion and discuss its significance to public health.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2023

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798841752943Subjects--Topical Terms:

523881
Cognitive psychology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Cognitive controlIndex Terms--Genre/Form:

542853
Electronic books.

The Differential Influence of Physical Fitness and Exercise on Cognitive Control : = A Test of Potential Biological Markers of Underlying Neural Mechanisms.
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