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Essays on Urban, Growth, and Labor Economics.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Essays on Urban, Growth, and Labor Economics./
Author:	Passaro, Diego Gentile.
Description:	1 online resource (199 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-04, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International84-04A.
Subject:	Population. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=29704230click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798352944158

Essays on Urban, Growth, and Labor Economics.
Passaro, Diego Gentile.

Essays on Urban, Growth, and Labor Economics. - 1 online resource (199 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-04, Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Brown University, 2022.

Includes bibliographical references

In this dissertation I present three papers. In the first chapter, joint with Santiago Hermo and Gabriele Borg, we study the effect of MW changes on local housing rental markets exploiting the placed-based nature of MW policies. In recent years, many state and substate minimum wage (MW) policies have been instituted in the US, resulting in significant dispersion of MW levels within metropolitan areas. We argue that commuting patterns are key to understanding the effect of these policies across locations. For each location we define both the log MW where the average resident works (the workplace MW) and the log MW in the location itself (the residence MW). We derive a partial-equilibrium model of a housing market in which MW levels in each location affect housing demand by changing the income of commuters and the prices of non-tradable consumption. The model shows that the workplace MW has a positive effect on rents whereas the residence MW has a negative effect. We take our model to the data by constructing a ZIP-code-by-month panel using rents data from Zillow. We use a difference-in-differences design that leverages the monthly frequency and high geographic resolution of our data to estimate the effect of residence and workplace MW changes on log median housing rents. Our baseline results imply that a ZIP code experiencing a 10 percent increase in the workplace MW and no change in the residence MW will have an increase in rents of 0.55 percent (SE=0.28). If the residence MW also increases by 10 percent, then rents will increase by 0.34 percent (SE=0.15). We use our results to study the consequences of a counterfactual increase in the federal MW from $7.25 to $9. Landlords pocket on average 10.5 cents on the extra dollar generated by the policy. In ZIP codes where the residence MW does not change, landlords pocket on average 17.6 cents.In the second chapter, joint with Jose Belmar, we estimate the impact of railroad and road infrastructure on local economic development through the study of massive transport infrastructure changes in Argentina. Following a World Bank study, 10,000 kilometers of railroads were closed and 18,000 kilometers of paved roads were built between 1960 and 1991. Our empirical strategy relies on instrumental variables that exploit a discontinuity in how experts chose railroad segments to be studied for closure and cost-minimizing hypothetical networks connecting main cities. We show that conventional IV estimates can be misleading when omitting potential substitution of different transport modes. We find that dismantling railroads had a negative impact on population and industrial production, and shifted the distribution of labor away from agriculture. On the other hand, we find weak evidence of road construction having a positive impact on the share of employment in manufacturing and non-tradable industries, but no impacts on total population nor industrial production.In the third chapter, joint with Diego Gentile and Santiago Hermo, we study the influence of a successful student on career decisions and academic outcomes of peers participating in the Chilean college admissions system. We use several definitions of success based on admission tests scores and university admission cutoffs to estimate spillovers within high school social networks. Contrary to the strong spillovers found in networks formed by siblings or neighbors, we find evidence that much weaker effects exist in our context for outcomes such as college application decisions and dropout rates.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2023

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798352944158Subjects--Topical Terms:

518693
Population.
Index Terms--Genre/Form:

542853
Electronic books.

Essays on Urban, Growth, and Labor Economics.
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100 1 $a Passaro, Diego Gentile. $3 3696149
245 1 0 $a Essays on Urban, Growth, and Labor Economics.
264 0 $c 2022
300 $a 1 online resource (199 pages)
336 $a text $b txt $2 rdacontent
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500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-04, Section: A.
500 $a Advisor: Galor, Oded.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Brown University, 2022.
504 $a Includes bibliographical references
520 $a In this dissertation I present three papers. In the first chapter, joint with Santiago Hermo and Gabriele Borg, we study the effect of MW changes on local housing rental markets exploiting the placed-based nature of MW policies. In recent years, many state and substate minimum wage (MW) policies have been instituted in the US, resulting in significant dispersion of MW levels within metropolitan areas. We argue that commuting patterns are key to understanding the effect of these policies across locations. For each location we define both the log MW where the average resident works (the workplace MW) and the log MW in the location itself (the residence MW). We derive a partial-equilibrium model of a housing market in which MW levels in each location affect housing demand by changing the income of commuters and the prices of non-tradable consumption. The model shows that the workplace MW has a positive effect on rents whereas the residence MW has a negative effect. We take our model to the data by constructing a ZIP-code-by-month panel using rents data from Zillow. We use a difference-in-differences design that leverages the monthly frequency and high geographic resolution of our data to estimate the effect of residence and workplace MW changes on log median housing rents. Our baseline results imply that a ZIP code experiencing a 10 percent increase in the workplace MW and no change in the residence MW will have an increase in rents of 0.55 percent (SE=0.28). If the residence MW also increases by 10 percent, then rents will increase by 0.34 percent (SE=0.15). We use our results to study the consequences of a counterfactual increase in the federal MW from $7.25 to $9. Landlords pocket on average 10.5 cents on the extra dollar generated by the policy. In ZIP codes where the residence MW does not change, landlords pocket on average 17.6 cents.In the second chapter, joint with Jose Belmar, we estimate the impact of railroad and road infrastructure on local economic development through the study of massive transport infrastructure changes in Argentina. Following a World Bank study, 10,000 kilometers of railroads were closed and 18,000 kilometers of paved roads were built between 1960 and 1991. Our empirical strategy relies on instrumental variables that exploit a discontinuity in how experts chose railroad segments to be studied for closure and cost-minimizing hypothetical networks connecting main cities. We show that conventional IV estimates can be misleading when omitting potential substitution of different transport modes. We find that dismantling railroads had a negative impact on population and industrial production, and shifted the distribution of labor away from agriculture. On the other hand, we find weak evidence of road construction having a positive impact on the share of employment in manufacturing and non-tradable industries, but no impacts on total population nor industrial production.In the third chapter, joint with Diego Gentile and Santiago Hermo, we study the influence of a successful student on career decisions and academic outcomes of peers participating in the Chilean college admissions system. We use several definitions of success based on admission tests scores and university admission cutoffs to estimate spillovers within high school social networks. Contrary to the strong spillovers found in networks formed by siblings or neighbors, we find evidence that much weaker effects exist in our context for outcomes such as college application decisions and dropout rates.
533 $a Electronic reproduction. $b Ann Arbor, Mich. : $c ProQuest, $d 2023
538 $a Mode of access: World Wide Web
650 4 $a Population. $3 518693
650 4 $a Commuting. $3 702101
650 4 $a College admissions. $3 3562828
650 4 $a Success. $3 518195
650 4 $a Low income groups. $3 3562917
650 4 $a Roads & highways. $3 3555163
650 4 $a Railroads. $2 fast $3 2076389
650 4 $a Prices. $3 652651
650 4 $a Housing needs. $3 3562926
650 4 $a Transportation. $3 555912
655 7 $a Electronic books. $2 lcsh $3 542853
690 $a 0510
690 $a 0501
690 $a 0709
710 2 $a ProQuest Information and Learning Co. $3 783688
710 2 $a Brown University. $b Department of Economics. $3 3696150
773 0 $t Dissertations Abstracts International $g 84-04A.
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=29704230 $z click for full text (PQDT)