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Scientists' Perspectives on the Social Impacts and Regulations of Artificial Intelligence : = Values, Media Use, Professional Characteristics, and Openness to Inclusion of Social Science Input.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Scientists' Perspectives on the Social Impacts and Regulations of Artificial Intelligence :/
Reminder of title:	Values, Media Use, Professional Characteristics, and Openness to Inclusion of Social Science Input.
Author:	Bao, Luye.
Description:	1 online resource (158 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-04, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International84-04B.
Subject:	Mass communications. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=29390451click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798845418371

Scientists' Perspectives on the Social Impacts and Regulations of Artificial Intelligence : = Values, Media Use, Professional Characteristics, and Openness to Inclusion of Social Science Input.
Bao, Luye.

Scientists' Perspectives on the Social Impacts and Regulations of Artificial Intelligence :Values, Media Use, Professional Characteristics, and Openness to Inclusion of Social Science Input. - 1 online resource (158 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-04, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2022.

Includes bibliographical references

The wickedness of science and technology requires difficult compromises among social groups whose values and concerns are potentially in conflict. This has raised new challenges for scientists in terms of incorporating external expertise into their tasks as researchers, public communicators, and stakeholders in science policy decision-making. Prior studies have provided social psychological explanations for the potential differences between scientists and lay publics regarding how they view scientific issues and related regulations. Other studies have offered normative perspectives on responsible research and innovation that are grounded in understanding the social contexts of technology development and a wide representation of public input. However, prior research has fallen short in connecting the normative ideals and the descriptive components of scientists' views of the societal impacts of their work, related regulations, and scientific conduct. In addition, it is unclear how factors such as scientists' unique professional characteristics in comparison with other social groups, as well as factors such as their cognitive processing and media attention that are common to everyone else, weigh differently in affecting scientists' views of their work and related regulations.This dissertation uses artificial intelligence (AI) as a case study. AI is one of the most recent examples of wicked science. This dissertation first synthesizes the importance of social science research in bridging the interface between scientists and lay publics. This argument is based on frameworks ranging from the broader impacts to responsible research and innovation. Before delving into factors that impact AI scientists' likelihood of incorporating social science input into AI research and development (Studies C & D), this dissertation first examines a) whether there exist attitudinal differences in risk and benefit perceptions of AI between AI scientists and lay publics (Study A) and b) whether AI scientists' exposure to social science research on AI relates to a more socially desirable outcome for scientists, such as forming a more inclusive view of who should have a say in regulation development (Study B).This dissertation shows heterogeneous and multifaceted segments of AI scientists in terms of how they view the societal impacts of AI. Although AI scientists and lay publics have similar levels of risk perceptions of AI, scientists consider AI more beneficial than their lay counterparts. In terms of the role of social sciences in bridging the science-society interface, disagreement with the hierarchical hypothesis of hard and soft sciences and reading social science research on AI are associated with more inclusive perspectives of who should have a say in AI regulation development, especially with an emphasis on including the voices of citizens, end-users, and civic groups. Moving forward to investigate AI scientists' likelihood of incorporating social science input into AI research and development, results reveal that AI scientists' self-estimation relies on their attitudes toward social sciences and interdisciplinary collaboration, whereas their estimation of most AI scientists depends on contextual factors, such as perceived risks and benefits of AI.Societies will need to communicate and make decisions across diverse stakeholder groups to address the challenges of emerging science and technology. As scientists represent an influential stakeholder group, this dissertation responds to the theoretical inquiry of how dispositional, informational, and professional characteristics explain scientists' views of the societal impacts of their work, their roles in regulation development, and their approaches to conducting research. This dissertation also provides practical implications for ensuring responsible research and development of emerging technologies through incorporating social science input.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2023

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798845418371Subjects--Topical Terms:

3422380
Mass communications.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Artificial intelligenceIndex Terms--Genre/Form:

542853
Electronic books.

Scientists' Perspectives on the Social Impacts and Regulations of Artificial Intelligence : = Values, Media Use, Professional Characteristics, and Openness to Inclusion of Social Science Input.
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