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Evaluation of Biofortified Maize as Functional Food: Antioxidant, Starch-Hydrolyzing Enzymes Inhibitory and Retinol Activities.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Evaluation of Biofortified Maize as Functional Food: Antioxidant, Starch-Hydrolyzing Enzymes Inhibitory and Retinol Activities./
Author:	Olamilekan Elemosho, Abdulazeez.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2021,
Description:	97 p.
Notes:	Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 83-02.
Contained By:	Masters Abstracts International83-02.
Subject:	Biochemistry. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28644925
ISBN:	9798522970406

Evaluation of Biofortified Maize as Functional Food: Antioxidant, Starch-Hydrolyzing Enzymes Inhibitory and Retinol Activities.
Olamilekan Elemosho, Abdulazeez.

Evaluation of Biofortified Maize as Functional Food: Antioxidant, Starch-Hydrolyzing Enzymes Inhibitory and Retinol Activities. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2021 - 97 p.

Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 83-02.

Thesis (M.S.)--Kwara State University (Nigeria), 2021.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Understanding the bioactive constituents, physicochemicals, antioxidant and starch hydrolyzing enzymes inhibitory activities in cereals can provide insights into their potential health benefits. This study evaluated antioxidant, in vitro starch-hydrolyzing enzymes inhibitory and retinol activities of sixteen Striga-resistant biofortified yellow-orange maize hybrids (AS1828-1 to AS1828-16), grown at two field locations in Nigeria. Carotenoids were quantified using HPLC, while other analyses were carried out using standard laboratory methods. The ranges of major carotenoids (μg/g) across the two locations varied from 2.6 to 9.6 for lutein, from 2.1 to 9.7 for zeaxanthin, 0.8 to 2.9 for β-cryptoxanthin, 1.4 to 4.1 for β‐carotene; with total xanthophylls and provitamin A carotenoids (pVAC) ranging from 5.4 to 17.1 and 1.4 to 4.1 μg/g , respectively. Total phenolics, tannins, and phytate contents ranged from 11.07 to 16.37 mg/g, 2.1 to 7.3 mg/g and 0.4 to 7.1%, respectively. Starch, free sugar, amylose and amylopectin contents ranged from 40.1 to 88.9%, 1.09 to 6.5%, 15.0 to 34.1% and 65.9 to 85.0%, respectively. Peak and final viscosities ranged from 57.8 to 114.9 and 120.3 to 261.6 RVU, respectively. The sixteen hybrids were further screened using principal component and cluster analysis tools. Four hybrids were chosen from the cluster with the highest bioactive constituents and two hybrids were chosen from the cluster with lowest bioactive constituents, which served as control. The six hybrids (AS1828-1, AS1828-4, AS1828-6, AS1828-7, AS1828-9 and AS1828-11) were further analyzed for antioxidant and in vitro starch-hydrolyzing enzymes inhibitory activities. AS1828-9 had the highest (p < 0.05) levels of antioxidant activities - 2,2-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation (ABTS*+) scavenging ability (7.28 TEAC mmol/g); 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH*) scavenging ability (26.35 mg/mL) and reducing power (0.43 mg GAE/g). Alpha-amylase half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) ranged from 26.28 to 52.55 μg/mL in AS1828-9 and AS1828-4 respectively, and α-glucosidase IC50 ranged from 47.72 to 63.98 μg/mL (AS1828-9 and AS1828-4, respectively, indicating that AS1828-9 displayed the strongest (p < 0.05) α- amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities among the hybrids. Retinol equivalent ranged from 0.32 to 0.85 μg/g, and was compared (p > 0.05) among the hybrids. Generally, the sixteen Striga-resistant yellow-orange maize hybrids had a good combination of bioactive constituents, carbohydrate profile and pasting properties. The antioxidant, starch-hydrolyzing enzymes inhibitory and retinol activities of the select six hybrids are good indicators that those six hybrids, especially AS1828-9 have the potential to serve as function food for alleviating oxidative stress, postprandial hyperglycaemia and vitamin A deficiency.

ISBN: 9798522970406Subjects--Topical Terms:

518028
Biochemistry.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Antioxidants

Evaluation of Biofortified Maize as Functional Food: Antioxidant, Starch-Hydrolyzing Enzymes Inhibitory and Retinol Activities.
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300 $a 97 p.
500 $a Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 83-02.
500 $a Advisor: Irondi, A. E.;Ajani, Emmanuel O.
502 $a Thesis (M.S.)--Kwara State University (Nigeria), 2021.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a Understanding the bioactive constituents, physicochemicals, antioxidant and starch hydrolyzing enzymes inhibitory activities in cereals can provide insights into their potential health benefits. This study evaluated antioxidant, in vitro starch-hydrolyzing enzymes inhibitory and retinol activities of sixteen Striga-resistant biofortified yellow-orange maize hybrids (AS1828-1 to AS1828-16), grown at two field locations in Nigeria. Carotenoids were quantified using HPLC, while other analyses were carried out using standard laboratory methods. The ranges of major carotenoids (μg/g) across the two locations varied from 2.6 to 9.6 for lutein, from 2.1 to 9.7 for zeaxanthin, 0.8 to 2.9 for β-cryptoxanthin, 1.4 to 4.1 for β‐carotene; with total xanthophylls and provitamin A carotenoids (pVAC) ranging from 5.4 to 17.1 and 1.4 to 4.1 μg/g , respectively. Total phenolics, tannins, and phytate contents ranged from 11.07 to 16.37 mg/g, 2.1 to 7.3 mg/g and 0.4 to 7.1%, respectively. Starch, free sugar, amylose and amylopectin contents ranged from 40.1 to 88.9%, 1.09 to 6.5%, 15.0 to 34.1% and 65.9 to 85.0%, respectively. Peak and final viscosities ranged from 57.8 to 114.9 and 120.3 to 261.6 RVU, respectively. The sixteen hybrids were further screened using principal component and cluster analysis tools. Four hybrids were chosen from the cluster with the highest bioactive constituents and two hybrids were chosen from the cluster with lowest bioactive constituents, which served as control. The six hybrids (AS1828-1, AS1828-4, AS1828-6, AS1828-7, AS1828-9 and AS1828-11) were further analyzed for antioxidant and in vitro starch-hydrolyzing enzymes inhibitory activities. AS1828-9 had the highest (p < 0.05) levels of antioxidant activities - 2,2-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation (ABTS*+) scavenging ability (7.28 TEAC mmol/g); 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH*) scavenging ability (26.35 mg/mL) and reducing power (0.43 mg GAE/g). Alpha-amylase half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) ranged from 26.28 to 52.55 μg/mL in AS1828-9 and AS1828-4 respectively, and α-glucosidase IC50 ranged from 47.72 to 63.98 μg/mL (AS1828-9 and AS1828-4, respectively, indicating that AS1828-9 displayed the strongest (p < 0.05) α- amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities among the hybrids. Retinol equivalent ranged from 0.32 to 0.85 μg/g, and was compared (p > 0.05) among the hybrids. Generally, the sixteen Striga-resistant yellow-orange maize hybrids had a good combination of bioactive constituents, carbohydrate profile and pasting properties. The antioxidant, starch-hydrolyzing enzymes inhibitory and retinol activities of the select six hybrids are good indicators that those six hybrids, especially AS1828-9 have the potential to serve as function food for alleviating oxidative stress, postprandial hyperglycaemia and vitamin A deficiency.
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