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Interaction and Resilience to Multiple Ecological Disturbances in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Interaction and Resilience to Multiple Ecological Disturbances in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem./
Author:	Li, Hang.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2022,
Description:	178 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-02, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International84-02B.
Subject:	Geography. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=29261372
ISBN:	9798841741886

Interaction and Resilience to Multiple Ecological Disturbances in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.
Li, Hang.

Interaction and Resilience to Multiple Ecological Disturbances in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2022 - 178 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-02, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana State University, 2022.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Global warming and related disturbances, such as fire, drought, and insect outbreaks are causing forest decline resulting in regime shifts. Fire, drought, and insect events were well recorded with tree-ring chronologies and satellite images in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem as my study area. Remote sensing and dendrochronology were applied to develop ecological models, explore local ecological memories (the ability of the past state to influence the current ecological system), and examine regime shifts caused by forest disturbances. The 1988 Yellowstone fire altered the structure of the local forest ecosystem and left large patches of non-recovery areas. Non-recovery and recovery areas were sampled with 44,629 points and 77,501 points, respectively, from which attributed values related to topography, climate, and subsequent soil conditions were extracted. Spatial regression and Chi-Square tests were applied to determine statistically significant characteristics of a lack of recovery. This helped me to determine the characteristics that made a landscape resilient to disturbance by studying the characteristics of landscapes that were not resilient to the 1988 Yellowstone fire. I found that non-recovery areas experienced severe burns and were located at higher elevations and on steeper slopes with conditions of higher precipitation, lower temperatures, higher pre-fire vegetation densities, higher bulk densities, higher pH values, lower soil organic matter, and lower total nitrogen. Elevation was a covariant influencing the pre-fire species and affecting the recovery in the post-fire period.Conventional studies reconstructed the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from the tree-ring width (TRW) in my study sites and ignored the influence of mixed land covers. In this study, an integrated TRW-NDVI model was built to reconstruct annual NDVI maps with 622 Landsat satellite images and tree cores from 15 plots using point-by-point regression. The 30-meter resolution reconstructed NDVI images over the past 100 years clearly displayed a decrease in vegetation density and land cover changes from 1906 to 2015. My study site experienced five regime shifts, especially in the 1930s and 1950s, which were mega-droughts across North America. With fine resolution maps, vegetation density could be observed annually within the past century. The maps could also be used to understand how the Yellowstone ecosystem gradually changed with its ecological legacies in the last 100 years.Previous studies rarely explored the interactions between three or more disturbances and the mechanisms behind the interaction of multiple disturbances. Tree-ring indices each year were assigned to eight possible disturbance combinations. With one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), the effect of each disturbance and combination of disturbances on tree growth was ranked based on the tree-ring width: control (1.04) > insect (1.03) > fire (1.01) > fire & insect (0.96) > drought & insect (0.92) > drought (0.89) > drought, fire & insect (0.80) > drought & fire (0.78). The inclusion-exclusion principle was applied to reveal the interactions between disturbances and illustrate the ecological mechanisms behind the disturbances and their effects on tree growth.The characteristics of the non-recovery areas in the 1988 post-fire, the reconstruction of a TRW-NDVI model, and the analysis of multiple disturbances from my dissertation not only provided help for forest management but could also be applied to other forest ecosystems in the western U.S. to promote resilience in the face of climate change.

ISBN: 9798841741886Subjects--Topical Terms:

524010
Geography.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Drought disturbances

Interaction and Resilience to Multiple Ecological Disturbances in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.
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520 $a Global warming and related disturbances, such as fire, drought, and insect outbreaks are causing forest decline resulting in regime shifts. Fire, drought, and insect events were well recorded with tree-ring chronologies and satellite images in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem as my study area. Remote sensing and dendrochronology were applied to develop ecological models, explore local ecological memories (the ability of the past state to influence the current ecological system), and examine regime shifts caused by forest disturbances. The 1988 Yellowstone fire altered the structure of the local forest ecosystem and left large patches of non-recovery areas. Non-recovery and recovery areas were sampled with 44,629 points and 77,501 points, respectively, from which attributed values related to topography, climate, and subsequent soil conditions were extracted. Spatial regression and Chi-Square tests were applied to determine statistically significant characteristics of a lack of recovery. This helped me to determine the characteristics that made a landscape resilient to disturbance by studying the characteristics of landscapes that were not resilient to the 1988 Yellowstone fire. I found that non-recovery areas experienced severe burns and were located at higher elevations and on steeper slopes with conditions of higher precipitation, lower temperatures, higher pre-fire vegetation densities, higher bulk densities, higher pH values, lower soil organic matter, and lower total nitrogen. Elevation was a covariant influencing the pre-fire species and affecting the recovery in the post-fire period.Conventional studies reconstructed the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from the tree-ring width (TRW) in my study sites and ignored the influence of mixed land covers. In this study, an integrated TRW-NDVI model was built to reconstruct annual NDVI maps with 622 Landsat satellite images and tree cores from 15 plots using point-by-point regression. The 30-meter resolution reconstructed NDVI images over the past 100 years clearly displayed a decrease in vegetation density and land cover changes from 1906 to 2015. My study site experienced five regime shifts, especially in the 1930s and 1950s, which were mega-droughts across North America. With fine resolution maps, vegetation density could be observed annually within the past century. The maps could also be used to understand how the Yellowstone ecosystem gradually changed with its ecological legacies in the last 100 years.Previous studies rarely explored the interactions between three or more disturbances and the mechanisms behind the interaction of multiple disturbances. Tree-ring indices each year were assigned to eight possible disturbance combinations. With one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), the effect of each disturbance and combination of disturbances on tree growth was ranked based on the tree-ring width: control (1.04) > insect (1.03) > fire (1.01) > fire & insect (0.96) > drought & insect (0.92) > drought (0.89) > drought, fire & insect (0.80) > drought & fire (0.78). The inclusion-exclusion principle was applied to reveal the interactions between disturbances and illustrate the ecological mechanisms behind the disturbances and their effects on tree growth.The characteristics of the non-recovery areas in the 1988 post-fire, the reconstruction of a TRW-NDVI model, and the analysis of multiple disturbances from my dissertation not only provided help for forest management but could also be applied to other forest ecosystems in the western U.S. to promote resilience in the face of climate change.
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