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Tri-Trophic Interactions Between Plants, Their Mutualist Pollinators and the Natural Enemies of Pollinators: The Ecological Effects of Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus) Pollen on Bees and Their Pathogens.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Tri-Trophic Interactions Between Plants, Their Mutualist Pollinators and the Natural Enemies of Pollinators: The Ecological Effects of Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus) Pollen on Bees and Their Pathogens./
Author:	Giacomini, Jonathan Joseph.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2021,
Description:	258 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-05, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International83-05B.
Subject:	Infections. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28814868
ISBN:	9798494453440

Tri-Trophic Interactions Between Plants, Their Mutualist Pollinators and the Natural Enemies of Pollinators: The Ecological Effects of Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus) Pollen on Bees and Their Pathogens.
Giacomini, Jonathan Joseph.

Tri-Trophic Interactions Between Plants, Their Mutualist Pollinators and the Natural Enemies of Pollinators: The Ecological Effects of Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus) Pollen on Bees and Their Pathogens. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2021 - 258 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-05, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--North Carolina State University, 2021.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Communities are comprised of many species that interact directly in a pairwise fashion, as well as indirectly in which one species mediates the strength and direction of interactions between two other species. Indirect species interactions can have important effects on how antagonistic and mutualistic interactions shape the evolution of phenotypic traits, population and community dynamics. Many plants provide key resources for both herbivores and pollinators, and thus play a major role in shaping multi-trophic interactions for both antagonists and mutualists. Pollinators, such as bees, are critically important for the preservation of plant biodiversity, provide billions of dollars in crop pollination services annually, and are essential for the production of hundreds of crops. Although a variety of factors are involved, pathogens have been strongly implicated in the decline of many bee species. Thus, one of the most pressing concerns in the management of bee pathogens is the identification of factors that could reduce pathogens and diseases in natural and managed landscapes. Recent work demonstrates that floral traits (namely nectar) can mediate interactions between pollinators and their natural enemies, yet the role of pollen in such a context is poorly understood. Bees rely on pollen as the primary source of nutrition for growth and development; yet, pollen can contain high concentrations of secondary compounds, and varies tremendously in macronutrient and morphological properties. While links between bee nutrition and pathogen resistance are already established, the role of particular pollen species in mediating bee-pathogen dynamics is largely unknown. My dissertation addresses the ecological costs and benefits of pollen species identity for pollinators and interactions with their natural enemies. I used a series of controlled laboratory experiments and field studies focused primarily on the bumble bee Bombus impatiens, its protozoan pathogen Crithidia bombi, and sunflower pollen (Helianthus annuus). I began by demonstrating that sunflower pollen dramatically and consistently reduced C. bombi infection in individual bumble bees. Additionally, in a field survey, bumble bees from farms with a greater area of sunflower plantings had lower infection rates. I then demonstrated that a 1:1 mixture of sunflower and wildflower pollen reduced C. bombi infection prevalence and intensity at the bumble bee colony level, relative to a control wildflower pollen diet, with no significant nutritional tradeoffs for colony worker production and most aspects of colony reproduction. Planting sunflower in agroecosystems and native habitat may thus provide a simple solution to reduce disease and improve the health of economically and ecologically important pollinators. Given consistent effects of sunflower pollen in reducing bee pathogens, I then focused on controlled laboratory experiments to identify the mechanism(s) underlying the medicinal effect of sunflower pollen in bumble bees. I first demonstrated that ingestion of sunflower pollen stimulates rapid excretion in bumble bees, which could reduce C. bombi infection directly by flushing infectious cells from the host digestive tract, or may be a pleiotropic consequence of other changes in host bee physiology. Finally, I use a whole-transcriptomic approach to demonstrate that consumption of sunflower pollen stimulates an immune response in infected bumble bees dissimilar to that of wildflower-fed bees, as well as a strong detoxification response, and a response to physical damage to gut epithelial cells.

ISBN: 9798494453440Subjects--Topical Terms:

1621997
Infections.

Tri-Trophic Interactions Between Plants, Their Mutualist Pollinators and the Natural Enemies of Pollinators: The Ecological Effects of Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus) Pollen on Bees and Their Pathogens.
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