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Characterization of Herbicide Persistence, Bioavailability, and Soybean Genotypic Sensitivity From a Herbicide Carryover Perspective.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Characterization of Herbicide Persistence, Bioavailability, and Soybean Genotypic Sensitivity From a Herbicide Carryover Perspective./
Author:	Ramanathan, Shwetha Srivelli.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2021,
Description:	151 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-04, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International83-04B.
Subject:	Soil sciences. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28445107
ISBN:	9798738615511

Characterization of Herbicide Persistence, Bioavailability, and Soybean Genotypic Sensitivity From a Herbicide Carryover Perspective.
Ramanathan, Shwetha Srivelli.

Characterization of Herbicide Persistence, Bioavailability, and Soybean Genotypic Sensitivity From a Herbicide Carryover Perspective. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2021 - 151 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-04, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--North Carolina State University, 2021.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Herbicides applied to monocotyledonous crops can injure soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) planted in rotation if residual herbicides persist. The goal of this research was to characterize herbicide persistence and bioavailability, and soybean genotypic sensitivity to evaluate the risk of carryover damage to soybean from common soil-applied herbicides. The specific objectives were two-fold: to determine the effects of soil properties on persistence and bioavailability of commonly used herbicides to assess herbicide carryover potential in regional soils, and to evaluate the sensitivity of soybean varieties to atrazine.Laboratory incubation experiments were conducted to determine atrazine, mesosulfuron-methyl, and topramezone persistence in five regional soils. Half-life of atrazine and topramezone was longest in Portsmouth sandy loam (13% clay, 5% organic matter (OM), 4 pH) and shortest in Candor sand (4% clay, 2% OM, 5 pH). Half-life of mesosulfuron-methyl was longer at 7 ºC and varied among soil types. The half-life of atrazine and topramezone was positively correlated with soil OM and clay contents and negatively correlated with soil pH. Mesosulfuron-methyl half-life was negatively correlated with soil temperature. Negative correlation between soil OM content and soil pH may have influenced the effect of soil pH on atrazine and topramezone persistence, and the effect of soil OM content on mesosulfuron-methyl persistence.Local edaphic conditions may cause regional differences in herbicide carryover concentration. However, differences in the bioavailability of residue may influence the extent of carryover damage to crops. Herbicide EC50 and EC90 values were determined for soybean and an additional species for each herbicide using nine atrazine, mesosulfuron-methyl, or topramezone rates in three varying soils. Atrazine EC50 and EC90 for visual injury in soybean were lowest in Candor sand (3% clay, 2% OM, 5 pH) and highest in Portsmouth sandy loam (7% clay, 5% OM, 5 pH) at 21 days after emergence (DAE). Similarly, EC50 and EC90 for aboveground biomass reduction in soybean were highest in Portsmouth sandy loam. Mesosulfuron-methyl EC50 for visual injury in soybean was lowest in Candor sand at all sampling dates. Mesosulfuron-methyl EC50 and EC90 for soybean aboveground fresh biomass reduction was lowest in Candor sand and highest in Portsmouth sandy loam. Topramezone EC50 and EC90 for soybean visual injury were generally lower in Candor sand and similar in Portsmouth and Creedmoor sandy loam soils. Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and canola (Brassica napus L.) were more sensitive than soybean.It is important to evaluate the sensitivity of genetically modified and conventional soybean varieties to herbicides to which they may not be inherently tolerant, and which may cause injury under conditions of carryover, like atrazine. The effects of five atrazine rates on five commonly cultivated soybean genotypes in the region were investigated in Candor sand (93% sand, 3% silt, 4% clay) under greenhouse conditions. Soybean genotypes differed in their sensitivity to atrazine injury and their recovery from damage. At 21 DAE, 9.0 g active ingredient (a.i.) ha−1 atrazine reduced aboveground fresh biomass in 'S52RS86'and 'SH 5515 LL', and reduced net CO2 assimilation rate (A).

ISBN: 9798738615511Subjects--Topical Terms:

2122699
Soil sciences.

Characterization of Herbicide Persistence, Bioavailability, and Soybean Genotypic Sensitivity From a Herbicide Carryover Perspective.
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500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-04, Section: B.
500 $a Advisor: Gannon, Travis ;Locke, Anna ;Everman, Wesley ;Locke, Anna.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--North Carolina State University, 2021.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a Herbicides applied to monocotyledonous crops can injure soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) planted in rotation if residual herbicides persist. The goal of this research was to characterize herbicide persistence and bioavailability, and soybean genotypic sensitivity to evaluate the risk of carryover damage to soybean from common soil-applied herbicides. The specific objectives were two-fold: to determine the effects of soil properties on persistence and bioavailability of commonly used herbicides to assess herbicide carryover potential in regional soils, and to evaluate the sensitivity of soybean varieties to atrazine.Laboratory incubation experiments were conducted to determine atrazine, mesosulfuron-methyl, and topramezone persistence in five regional soils. Half-life of atrazine and topramezone was longest in Portsmouth sandy loam (13% clay, 5% organic matter (OM), 4 pH) and shortest in Candor sand (4% clay, 2% OM, 5 pH). Half-life of mesosulfuron-methyl was longer at 7 ºC and varied among soil types. The half-life of atrazine and topramezone was positively correlated with soil OM and clay contents and negatively correlated with soil pH. Mesosulfuron-methyl half-life was negatively correlated with soil temperature. Negative correlation between soil OM content and soil pH may have influenced the effect of soil pH on atrazine and topramezone persistence, and the effect of soil OM content on mesosulfuron-methyl persistence.Local edaphic conditions may cause regional differences in herbicide carryover concentration. However, differences in the bioavailability of residue may influence the extent of carryover damage to crops. Herbicide EC50 and EC90 values were determined for soybean and an additional species for each herbicide using nine atrazine, mesosulfuron-methyl, or topramezone rates in three varying soils. Atrazine EC50 and EC90 for visual injury in soybean were lowest in Candor sand (3% clay, 2% OM, 5 pH) and highest in Portsmouth sandy loam (7% clay, 5% OM, 5 pH) at 21 days after emergence (DAE). Similarly, EC50 and EC90 for aboveground biomass reduction in soybean were highest in Portsmouth sandy loam. Mesosulfuron-methyl EC50 for visual injury in soybean was lowest in Candor sand at all sampling dates. Mesosulfuron-methyl EC50 and EC90 for soybean aboveground fresh biomass reduction was lowest in Candor sand and highest in Portsmouth sandy loam. Topramezone EC50 and EC90 for soybean visual injury were generally lower in Candor sand and similar in Portsmouth and Creedmoor sandy loam soils. Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and canola (Brassica napus L.) were more sensitive than soybean.It is important to evaluate the sensitivity of genetically modified and conventional soybean varieties to herbicides to which they may not be inherently tolerant, and which may cause injury under conditions of carryover, like atrazine. The effects of five atrazine rates on five commonly cultivated soybean genotypes in the region were investigated in Candor sand (93% sand, 3% silt, 4% clay) under greenhouse conditions. Soybean genotypes differed in their sensitivity to atrazine injury and their recovery from damage. At 21 DAE, 9.0 g active ingredient (a.i.) ha−1 atrazine reduced aboveground fresh biomass in 'S52RS86'and 'SH 5515 LL', and reduced net CO2 assimilation rate (A).
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