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Effects of Land-Use Change on Grassland Ecosystem Services in Inner Mongolia and Their Implications for Livelihoods and Sustainable Management.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Effects of Land-Use Change on Grassland Ecosystem Services in Inner Mongolia and Their Implications for Livelihoods and Sustainable Management./
Author:	Du, Bingzhen.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2019,
Description:	204 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-11, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International82-11B.
Subject:	Conservation. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28229726
ISBN:	9798597030036

Effects of Land-Use Change on Grassland Ecosystem Services in Inner Mongolia and Their Implications for Livelihoods and Sustainable Management.
Du, Bingzhen.

Effects of Land-Use Change on Grassland Ecosystem Services in Inner Mongolia and Their Implications for Livelihoods and Sustainable Management. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2019 - 204 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-11, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wageningen University and Research, 2019.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Grassland degradation has become a major challenge in many parts of the world, especially in arid or semi-arid areas, such as the Chinese Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region (IMAR). Previous studies of the grassland ecosystems in IMAR focused on climate change and its environmental consequences or on the land-use conflicts between agrarian communities and nomads. For better planning and management, a more integrated analysis of the consequences of land-use change for the livelihood dependence and other benefits (services) of the grasslands in IMAR is needed.Studies on ecosystem services of IMAR's grasslands are usually based on remote sensing data (TM images) to assess the total value of the grassland ecosystem services using benefit transfer. Thus far, to my knowledge no study collected original data on the detailed use of ecosystem services by pastoralists on the Mongolian Plateau or on their livelihood dependence on these services at the household level. Also, no data is available on the changes over time in contrasting situations for different grassland types (like meadow, steppe and desert steppe). I therefore aim to analyse the interactions between the people and the ecosystems in IMAR in an integrated manner, and especially focus on analysing the different utilization patterns of ecosystem services and the livelihood dependence of local herders and other stakeholders in selected study sites. The ultimate goal of my study is to contribute to sustainable management of the IMAR's ecosystems.To achieve the goal of my PhD study, six research questions on the changes in land use, household consumption patterns and their impacts have been addressed and investigated for four selected study sites: Hulun Buir, Xilin Gol, Ordos and Alxa Right. These sites are in a 'transect' from southwest to northeast to capture the gradient in use of ecosystem services in IMAR.After introducing the changes in national land-use policies and local socio- ecological systems in IMAR, Chapter 1 presents a methodological framework that combines quantitative and qualitative tools to analyse ecosystem services. It specifies an integrative approach in specific spatial and temporal contexts to evaluate trade-offs between human activities, use of ecosystem services and human well-being. This framework enables to analyse the effects of multiple factors (e.g. policies or climate and geographic conditions) on utilization patterns of ecosystem services and the influence on society. The data used to apply the framework stems from a bottom-up approach by using household surveys and other local field data. The framework was tested for IMAR to ensure its practical applicability in a data-poor environment and to illustrate that it enhances understanding of the causes and effects of changing land use patterns and dynamic processes that underlie the provision of ecosystem services. The framework should not only be applicable for IMAR's grasslands but also for other areas with similar conditions (e.g. livestock-production dominated grassland ecosystems).Chapter 2 describes the changes in basic household utilization patterns of food, fuel and water in response to the restoration policies and their spatial distribution by grassland types in IMAR. Basic household consumption data were collected in the meadow steppe (Hulun Buir), typical steppe (Xilin Gol) and semi-desert steppe (Ordos) ecosystems using structured questionnaires administered to 209 herders and farmers. The results and their analysis show that the householders' intake comprised a low amount of crops, including staple foods, vegetables and fruit with a high amount of meat. This still dominated the food consumption patterns in 2010. However, the number of households that prefer this pattern is decreasing and now more crops and less meat are increasingly preferred. From 1995 to 2010, fuel consumption patterns changed from bio-fuels (especially dung) to mainly electricity and gas. However, biofuel remains a major energy source in the meadow steppe ecosystems. In all three surveyed grassland types, the use of coal, electricity and gas increased from 1995 to 2010. Beside the influences of different environmental conditions and economic development, the grassland restoration policy measures changed grazing activities and basic household consumption patterns. Grazing activities were less affected by the policy measures that aimed at seasonal grazing and rotational grazing than other policy measures. In those cases more herders preferred to maintain most of their basic consumption patterns (e.g. in Hulun Buir). However, when grazing was prohibited, immigration and livestock rearing control policy measures (e.g. in Xilin Gol and Ordos) fundamentally changed the basic household consumption patterns (especially for food and fuel).Chapter 3 links livelihood's food-consumption responses to potential water consumption by using a Virtual Water Content (VWC) analysis. This chapter analysed water-resources use and its relation with changes in livelihoods and householdconsumption patterns (Chapter 2). The results show that compared to. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest).

ISBN: 9798597030036Subjects--Topical Terms:

738625
Conservation.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Inner Mongolia

Effects of Land-Use Change on Grassland Ecosystem Services in Inner Mongolia and Their Implications for Livelihoods and Sustainable Management.
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520 $a Grassland degradation has become a major challenge in many parts of the world, especially in arid or semi-arid areas, such as the Chinese Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region (IMAR). Previous studies of the grassland ecosystems in IMAR focused on climate change and its environmental consequences or on the land-use conflicts between agrarian communities and nomads. For better planning and management, a more integrated analysis of the consequences of land-use change for the livelihood dependence and other benefits (services) of the grasslands in IMAR is needed.Studies on ecosystem services of IMAR's grasslands are usually based on remote sensing data (TM images) to assess the total value of the grassland ecosystem services using benefit transfer. Thus far, to my knowledge no study collected original data on the detailed use of ecosystem services by pastoralists on the Mongolian Plateau or on their livelihood dependence on these services at the household level. Also, no data is available on the changes over time in contrasting situations for different grassland types (like meadow, steppe and desert steppe). I therefore aim to analyse the interactions between the people and the ecosystems in IMAR in an integrated manner, and especially focus on analysing the different utilization patterns of ecosystem services and the livelihood dependence of local herders and other stakeholders in selected study sites. The ultimate goal of my study is to contribute to sustainable management of the IMAR's ecosystems.To achieve the goal of my PhD study, six research questions on the changes in land use, household consumption patterns and their impacts have been addressed and investigated for four selected study sites: Hulun Buir, Xilin Gol, Ordos and Alxa Right. These sites are in a 'transect' from southwest to northeast to capture the gradient in use of ecosystem services in IMAR.After introducing the changes in national land-use policies and local socio- ecological systems in IMAR, Chapter 1 presents a methodological framework that combines quantitative and qualitative tools to analyse ecosystem services. It specifies an integrative approach in specific spatial and temporal contexts to evaluate trade-offs between human activities, use of ecosystem services and human well-being. This framework enables to analyse the effects of multiple factors (e.g. policies or climate and geographic conditions) on utilization patterns of ecosystem services and the influence on society. The data used to apply the framework stems from a bottom-up approach by using household surveys and other local field data. The framework was tested for IMAR to ensure its practical applicability in a data-poor environment and to illustrate that it enhances understanding of the causes and effects of changing land use patterns and dynamic processes that underlie the provision of ecosystem services. The framework should not only be applicable for IMAR's grasslands but also for other areas with similar conditions (e.g. livestock-production dominated grassland ecosystems).Chapter 2 describes the changes in basic household utilization patterns of food, fuel and water in response to the restoration policies and their spatial distribution by grassland types in IMAR. Basic household consumption data were collected in the meadow steppe (Hulun Buir), typical steppe (Xilin Gol) and semi-desert steppe (Ordos) ecosystems using structured questionnaires administered to 209 herders and farmers. The results and their analysis show that the householders' intake comprised a low amount of crops, including staple foods, vegetables and fruit with a high amount of meat. This still dominated the food consumption patterns in 2010. However, the number of households that prefer this pattern is decreasing and now more crops and less meat are increasingly preferred. From 1995 to 2010, fuel consumption patterns changed from bio-fuels (especially dung) to mainly electricity and gas. However, biofuel remains a major energy source in the meadow steppe ecosystems. In all three surveyed grassland types, the use of coal, electricity and gas increased from 1995 to 2010. Beside the influences of different environmental conditions and economic development, the grassland restoration policy measures changed grazing activities and basic household consumption patterns. Grazing activities were less affected by the policy measures that aimed at seasonal grazing and rotational grazing than other policy measures. In those cases more herders preferred to maintain most of their basic consumption patterns (e.g. in Hulun Buir). However, when grazing was prohibited, immigration and livestock rearing control policy measures (e.g. in Xilin Gol and Ordos) fundamentally changed the basic household consumption patterns (especially for food and fuel).Chapter 3 links livelihood's food-consumption responses to potential water consumption by using a Virtual Water Content (VWC) analysis. This chapter analysed water-resources use and its relation with changes in livelihoods and householdconsumption patterns (Chapter 2). The results show that compared to. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest).
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