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Respect the Land: Pathways to Resource Stewardship And Resiliency in a Changing Arctic.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Respect the Land: Pathways to Resource Stewardship And Resiliency in a Changing Arctic./
Author:	Green, Kristen Marie.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2021,
Description:	268 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-09, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International83-09B.
Subject:	Native peoples. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=29003850
ISBN:	9798209786856

Respect the Land: Pathways to Resource Stewardship And Resiliency in a Changing Arctic.
Green, Kristen Marie.

Respect the Land: Pathways to Resource Stewardship And Resiliency in a Changing Arctic. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2021 - 268 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-09, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2021.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

The Arctic is warming at a rapid rate, much faster than anywhere else on the planet, with profound consequences for social-ecological systems. Changes in the availability and abundance of plants and animals are affecting Indigenous harvesters' access to wild foods for subsistence and cultural uses. Access, while influenced by landscape change, may also be constrained or facilitated by Western systems of resource management. This dissertation centers on Indigenous (Inupiaq) harvesters' access to, and stewardship of, wild foods-federally designated as subsistence-on National Parklands in northwest Arctic Alaska. The overarching motivational questions of this dissertation are 'How does climate-related warming in the Arctic affect Indigenous harvesters' access to coastal subsistence resources?' and 'How can examining multiple perspectives-Indigenous harvesters and management staff-on resource management better facilitate resiliency and stewardship?'Chapter One focuses on the human access dimension of climate impacts on coastal resources in northwestern Arctic Alaska and resulting implications for food sovereignty and resilience of Alaska Native communities. Specifically, I apply access theory to better understand which climate stressors impact access to, and availability of, coastal harvest and which mechanisms facilitate or constrain this access. This chapter uses a mixed methods approach: semi-structured interviews with expert harvesters and analyses of environmental time series analysis in Kotzebue and Kivalina, Alaska. Results indicate that the window of harvest opportunity for chum salmon, bearded seal, and beluga whale has shifted several weeks earlier than in the past (correlated with sea ice retreat). Chronic climate stressors-sea ice retreat, coastal erosion, and changes in weather-have the greatest impact on harvest access. To mediate these changes in access and availability, harvesters rely primarily on mechanisms of capital, knowledge, technology, and social identity; and secondarily on social relations, authority, and time. Specific examples of resilience to climate change in these communities include using boats to access animals in the absence of sea ice (mechanisms of technology and capital) and relying on social networks such as those comprised of family or friends for sharing food or pooling harvesting resources when animals become harder to find. This research highlights how a suite of mechanisms can be combined to promote the collective continuance of Indigenous communities with respect to food sovereignty in a warming Arctic.The second chapter applies a film-based community engagement approach (Community Voice Method) to illustrate how Inupiaq values and knowledge guide subsistence hunting and harvesting practices. Initially, perspectives on Inupiaq values around harvesting were documented through film and audio recordings during semistructured interviews with expert harvesters from the community of Kotzebue in northwest Arctic Alaska. After a concurrently inductive and deductive analytic process, which produced coded themes for harvesting values, harvesters provided reactions to and insights on those initial themes in a community meeting. Following this discussion, goals for a short film to showcase these values were developed together with the research team and harvesters. The final product, a collaboratively-developed film, uses an oralstorytelling structure and tradition to share the Inupiaq harvesting approaches, concluding with emphasizing the message that there is a need to include Inupiaq values and knowledge in resource management. This research documents important traditions around harvesting in Inupiaq culture and also shows the utility of film-based engagement to raise issues around contemporary natural resource management, support intergenerational sharing of these values, and amplify Indigenous voices in the management process.Chapter Three provides a broader look at subsistence management in Alaska National Parklands from harvester and National Park Service (NPS) staff members' perspectives. Using semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and participant observations, I examine perceptions about communication, relationships, and barriers to, and solutions for, improving subsistence management between these groups. Findings of this research include potential intersecting pathways for improving subsistence management shared between harvesters and management staff including: (1) bridging Indigenous knowledge and Western scientific knowledge systems, (2) advocating for Indigenous self-determination and sovereignty over resource stewardship, (3) addressing bureaucratic barriers and institutional structures, (4) engaging the public through formal regulatory processes), (5) enhancing community engagement and communication through informal pathways, and (6) protecting animal populations. Key improvements related to these themes included fostering local and Indigenous representation in NPS management, minimizing staff turnover, and increasing NPS engagement efforts with rural villages. Importantly, harvesters highlight the need to perpetuate Indigenous stewardship practices and tribal sovereignty inside and outside the federal governance system.

ISBN: 9798209786856Subjects--Topical Terms:

3558955
Native peoples.

Respect the Land: Pathways to Resource Stewardship And Resiliency in a Changing Arctic.
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520 $a The Arctic is warming at a rapid rate, much faster than anywhere else on the planet, with profound consequences for social-ecological systems. Changes in the availability and abundance of plants and animals are affecting Indigenous harvesters' access to wild foods for subsistence and cultural uses. Access, while influenced by landscape change, may also be constrained or facilitated by Western systems of resource management. This dissertation centers on Indigenous (Inupiaq) harvesters' access to, and stewardship of, wild foods-federally designated as subsistence-on National Parklands in northwest Arctic Alaska. The overarching motivational questions of this dissertation are 'How does climate-related warming in the Arctic affect Indigenous harvesters' access to coastal subsistence resources?' and 'How can examining multiple perspectives-Indigenous harvesters and management staff-on resource management better facilitate resiliency and stewardship?'Chapter One focuses on the human access dimension of climate impacts on coastal resources in northwestern Arctic Alaska and resulting implications for food sovereignty and resilience of Alaska Native communities. Specifically, I apply access theory to better understand which climate stressors impact access to, and availability of, coastal harvest and which mechanisms facilitate or constrain this access. This chapter uses a mixed methods approach: semi-structured interviews with expert harvesters and analyses of environmental time series analysis in Kotzebue and Kivalina, Alaska. Results indicate that the window of harvest opportunity for chum salmon, bearded seal, and beluga whale has shifted several weeks earlier than in the past (correlated with sea ice retreat). Chronic climate stressors-sea ice retreat, coastal erosion, and changes in weather-have the greatest impact on harvest access. To mediate these changes in access and availability, harvesters rely primarily on mechanisms of capital, knowledge, technology, and social identity; and secondarily on social relations, authority, and time. Specific examples of resilience to climate change in these communities include using boats to access animals in the absence of sea ice (mechanisms of technology and capital) and relying on social networks such as those comprised of family or friends for sharing food or pooling harvesting resources when animals become harder to find. This research highlights how a suite of mechanisms can be combined to promote the collective continuance of Indigenous communities with respect to food sovereignty in a warming Arctic.The second chapter applies a film-based community engagement approach (Community Voice Method) to illustrate how Inupiaq values and knowledge guide subsistence hunting and harvesting practices. Initially, perspectives on Inupiaq values around harvesting were documented through film and audio recordings during semistructured interviews with expert harvesters from the community of Kotzebue in northwest Arctic Alaska. After a concurrently inductive and deductive analytic process, which produced coded themes for harvesting values, harvesters provided reactions to and insights on those initial themes in a community meeting. Following this discussion, goals for a short film to showcase these values were developed together with the research team and harvesters. The final product, a collaboratively-developed film, uses an oralstorytelling structure and tradition to share the Inupiaq harvesting approaches, concluding with emphasizing the message that there is a need to include Inupiaq values and knowledge in resource management. This research documents important traditions around harvesting in Inupiaq culture and also shows the utility of film-based engagement to raise issues around contemporary natural resource management, support intergenerational sharing of these values, and amplify Indigenous voices in the management process.Chapter Three provides a broader look at subsistence management in Alaska National Parklands from harvester and National Park Service (NPS) staff members' perspectives. Using semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and participant observations, I examine perceptions about communication, relationships, and barriers to, and solutions for, improving subsistence management between these groups. Findings of this research include potential intersecting pathways for improving subsistence management shared between harvesters and management staff including: (1) bridging Indigenous knowledge and Western scientific knowledge systems, (2) advocating for Indigenous self-determination and sovereignty over resource stewardship, (3) addressing bureaucratic barriers and institutional structures, (4) engaging the public through formal regulatory processes), (5) enhancing community engagement and communication through informal pathways, and (6) protecting animal populations. Key improvements related to these themes included fostering local and Indigenous representation in NPS management, minimizing staff turnover, and increasing NPS engagement efforts with rural villages. Importantly, harvesters highlight the need to perpetuate Indigenous stewardship practices and tribal sovereignty inside and outside the federal governance system.
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