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Genetic and physiological basis of adaptation in microbial evolution.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Genetic and physiological basis of adaptation in microbial evolution./
Author:	Chou, Hsin-Hung.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2010,
Description:	180 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 72-01, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International72-01B.
Subject:	Genetics. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3395416
ISBN:	9781109636819

Genetic and physiological basis of adaptation in microbial evolution.
Chou, Hsin-Hung.

Genetic and physiological basis of adaptation in microbial evolution. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2010 - 180 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 72-01, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2010.

This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.

Background. Adaptation results from selection for genotypes that confer beneficial phenotypes. Isolated populations or even phylogenetically-distinct species selected under similar environments often evolve parallel phenotypic changes. Does such phenotypic parallelism result from similar mutations? Do most beneficial mutations affect gene expression or protein functions? Are beneficial effects of mutations constant across genetic or environmental backgrounds? To address these questions, I studied microbial populations evolved under controlled conditions over hundreds of generations. The main goal has been to identify beneficial mutations acquired across replicate populations, unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying their physiological effects, and investigate how genetic and environmental backgrounds affect their selective advantages. Results. Three observations emerge from my investigations. (1) Most beneficial mutations exert their influences on changing gene expression rather than protein functions. (2) Though phenotypic parallelism is prevalent, the underlying genotypic changes can vary substantially: in one case, parallel phenotypic changes entail parallel mutations in the same locus; in the other case, diverse mutations in different loci drive similar phenotypic changes via distinct mechanisms. (3) Beneficial effects of mutations depend strongly on genetic backgrounds and environments: in one case, the selective advantage of a mutation increases generically with genetic or environmental backgrounds that increase the baseline growth rate; in the other case, the selective advantages of mutations decrease in genetic backgrounds that confer faster growth. Conclusion. By exploring the genetic and physiological basis of microbial adaptation, my work reveals a tight but complex interrelation between genotypes, phenotypes and environments. In particular, the diverse patterns of genotypic evolution beyond prevalent phenotypic parallelism highlight the complex genotype-phenotype interface and the importance of obtaining mechanistic insights to elucidate the evolution of biological systems.

ISBN: 9781109636819Subjects--Topical Terms:

530508
Genetics.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Microbial adaptation

Genetic and physiological basis of adaptation in microbial evolution.
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100 1 $a Chou, Hsin-Hung. $3 3688864
245 1 0 $a Genetic and physiological basis of adaptation in microbial evolution.
260 1 $a Ann Arbor : $b ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, $c 2010
300 $a 180 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 72-01, Section: B.
500 $a Publisher info.: Dissertation/Thesis.
500 $a Advisor: Marx, Christopher J.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2010.
506 $a This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a Background. Adaptation results from selection for genotypes that confer beneficial phenotypes. Isolated populations or even phylogenetically-distinct species selected under similar environments often evolve parallel phenotypic changes. Does such phenotypic parallelism result from similar mutations? Do most beneficial mutations affect gene expression or protein functions? Are beneficial effects of mutations constant across genetic or environmental backgrounds? To address these questions, I studied microbial populations evolved under controlled conditions over hundreds of generations. The main goal has been to identify beneficial mutations acquired across replicate populations, unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying their physiological effects, and investigate how genetic and environmental backgrounds affect their selective advantages. Results. Three observations emerge from my investigations. (1) Most beneficial mutations exert their influences on changing gene expression rather than protein functions. (2) Though phenotypic parallelism is prevalent, the underlying genotypic changes can vary substantially: in one case, parallel phenotypic changes entail parallel mutations in the same locus; in the other case, diverse mutations in different loci drive similar phenotypic changes via distinct mechanisms. (3) Beneficial effects of mutations depend strongly on genetic backgrounds and environments: in one case, the selective advantage of a mutation increases generically with genetic or environmental backgrounds that increase the baseline growth rate; in the other case, the selective advantages of mutations decrease in genetic backgrounds that confer faster growth. Conclusion. By exploring the genetic and physiological basis of microbial adaptation, my work reveals a tight but complex interrelation between genotypes, phenotypes and environments. In particular, the diverse patterns of genotypic evolution beyond prevalent phenotypic parallelism highlight the complex genotype-phenotype interface and the importance of obtaining mechanistic insights to elucidate the evolution of biological systems.
590 $a School code: 0084.
650 4 $a Genetics. $3 530508
650 4 $a Evolution and Development. $3 3422373
653 $a Microbial adaptation
653 $a Microbial evolution
653 $a Phenotypic parallelism
690 $a 0369
690 $a 0412
710 2 $a Harvard University. $3 528741
773 0 $t Dissertations Abstracts International $g 72-01B.
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792 $a 2010
793 $a English
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