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Genetic and physiological basis of adaptation in microbial evolution.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Genetic and physiological basis of adaptation in microbial evolution./
作者:	Chou, Hsin-Hung.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2010,
面頁冊數:	180 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 72-01, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International72-01B.
標題:	Genetics. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3395416
ISBN:	9781109636819

Genetic and physiological basis of adaptation in microbial evolution.
Chou, Hsin-Hung.

Genetic and physiological basis of adaptation in microbial evolution. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2010 - 180 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 72-01, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2010.

This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.

Background. Adaptation results from selection for genotypes that confer beneficial phenotypes. Isolated populations or even phylogenetically-distinct species selected under similar environments often evolve parallel phenotypic changes. Does such phenotypic parallelism result from similar mutations? Do most beneficial mutations affect gene expression or protein functions? Are beneficial effects of mutations constant across genetic or environmental backgrounds? To address these questions, I studied microbial populations evolved under controlled conditions over hundreds of generations. The main goal has been to identify beneficial mutations acquired across replicate populations, unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying their physiological effects, and investigate how genetic and environmental backgrounds affect their selective advantages. Results. Three observations emerge from my investigations. (1) Most beneficial mutations exert their influences on changing gene expression rather than protein functions. (2) Though phenotypic parallelism is prevalent, the underlying genotypic changes can vary substantially: in one case, parallel phenotypic changes entail parallel mutations in the same locus; in the other case, diverse mutations in different loci drive similar phenotypic changes via distinct mechanisms. (3) Beneficial effects of mutations depend strongly on genetic backgrounds and environments: in one case, the selective advantage of a mutation increases generically with genetic or environmental backgrounds that increase the baseline growth rate; in the other case, the selective advantages of mutations decrease in genetic backgrounds that confer faster growth. Conclusion. By exploring the genetic and physiological basis of microbial adaptation, my work reveals a tight but complex interrelation between genotypes, phenotypes and environments. In particular, the diverse patterns of genotypic evolution beyond prevalent phenotypic parallelism highlight the complex genotype-phenotype interface and the importance of obtaining mechanistic insights to elucidate the evolution of biological systems.

ISBN: 9781109636819Subjects--Topical Terms:

530508
Genetics.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Microbial adaptation

Genetic and physiological basis of adaptation in microbial evolution.
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500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 72-01, Section: B.
500 $a Publisher info.: Dissertation/Thesis.
500 $a Advisor: Marx, Christopher J.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2010.
506 $a This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a Background. Adaptation results from selection for genotypes that confer beneficial phenotypes. Isolated populations or even phylogenetically-distinct species selected under similar environments often evolve parallel phenotypic changes. Does such phenotypic parallelism result from similar mutations? Do most beneficial mutations affect gene expression or protein functions? Are beneficial effects of mutations constant across genetic or environmental backgrounds? To address these questions, I studied microbial populations evolved under controlled conditions over hundreds of generations. The main goal has been to identify beneficial mutations acquired across replicate populations, unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying their physiological effects, and investigate how genetic and environmental backgrounds affect their selective advantages. Results. Three observations emerge from my investigations. (1) Most beneficial mutations exert their influences on changing gene expression rather than protein functions. (2) Though phenotypic parallelism is prevalent, the underlying genotypic changes can vary substantially: in one case, parallel phenotypic changes entail parallel mutations in the same locus; in the other case, diverse mutations in different loci drive similar phenotypic changes via distinct mechanisms. (3) Beneficial effects of mutations depend strongly on genetic backgrounds and environments: in one case, the selective advantage of a mutation increases generically with genetic or environmental backgrounds that increase the baseline growth rate; in the other case, the selective advantages of mutations decrease in genetic backgrounds that confer faster growth. Conclusion. By exploring the genetic and physiological basis of microbial adaptation, my work reveals a tight but complex interrelation between genotypes, phenotypes and environments. In particular, the diverse patterns of genotypic evolution beyond prevalent phenotypic parallelism highlight the complex genotype-phenotype interface and the importance of obtaining mechanistic insights to elucidate the evolution of biological systems.
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