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Processing and Utilization of Anaerobic Digestate as Biofertilizer for Production of Crops and Microalgae.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Processing and Utilization of Anaerobic Digestate as Biofertilizer for Production of Crops and Microalgae./
Author:	Barzee, Tyler.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2020,
Description:	214 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-03, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International82-03B.
Subject:	Environmental engineering. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=27829386
ISBN:	9798664724677

Processing and Utilization of Anaerobic Digestate as Biofertilizer for Production of Crops and Microalgae.
Barzee, Tyler.

Processing and Utilization of Anaerobic Digestate as Biofertilizer for Production of Crops and Microalgae. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2020 - 214 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-03, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2020.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

It is estimated that 1.3 billion tonnes of edible food is wasted globally each year resulting in 250 km3 of corresponding wasted water and an addition of 3.3 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2e) emissions to the atmosphere. Vast quantities of nutrients exist in these organic wastes that can potentially be utilized as fertilizers or soil amendments to subsidize the tremendous demand for synthetic chemical fertilizers and to reduce the economic and environmental costs associated with fertilizer production and waste disposal. Anaerobic digesters have become increasingly popular as a means of energy production by converting agricultural and other organic waste into biogas, which can be used as fuel for combined heat and power applications. Knowledge and demonstration of efficient processes to convert the effluent of the anaerobic digestion process into profitable biofertilizer products will facilitate the adoption of internal nutrient cycles within the agricultural industry, lowering greenhouse gas emissions and reducing environmental impacts associated with current organic waste management practices.In the first study, food waste and dairy manure digestates from commercial digesters were characterized in the lab for particle and nutrient distributions before pilot-scale processing (vibratory screen, ultrafiltration, solar drying) to produce solid and liquid biofertilizer products. Experimental results showed the elemental compositions of the two digestates were different but shared similarities. The coarse solids of both digestates had lower concentrations of nutrients than the liquid fractions, which contained most of the K and Na. The dairy manure digestate had a higher amount of fine solids between 0.45 - 75 µm than the food waste digestate but the majority of TKN was contained in this fraction of both digestates. An optimization analysis concluded that optimal combinations of digestate fractions included over 70% coarse solids to obtain desired nutrient and salt ratios. The solid and liquid fertilizer products derived from the pilot-scale were similar to those expected from the lab-scale investigation.The next study investigated the effects of applying anaerobically digested food waste and dairy manure-derived biofertilizers created on the pilot-scale to processing tomatoes. The liquid concentrate and permeate from the processing system were delivered to tomato plants through a subsurface drip fertigation system in a farm-scale cultivation experiment. The results showed that liquid digestate biofertilizers could be effectively delivered to the tomato plants given that steps to ensure suitable particle sizes were maintained prior to delivery. The ultrafiltered dairy manure digestate biofertilizer (DMP) had the highest yield of red tomatoes (7.13 tonne×ha-1) followed by the concentrated food waste digestate biofertilizer (FWC) and mineral N fertilizer treatments with 6.26 and 5.98 tonne×ha-1, respectively. The FWC biofertilizer produced tomatoes with significantly higher total and soluble solids contents compared to the synthetically fertilized tomatoes. Few significant differences between the treatments were observed for the pH, color, or size of the red tomatoes. These results indicate promise for the prospect of applying digestate biofertilizer products to tomatoes using the industry-standard subsurface drip fertigation method. Additionally, digestate-derived biofertilizers may have potential to increase crop yields as well as certain quality characteristics of the harvested tomato fruit. No changes in soil quality were found among treatments but more study is required to understand long-term effects of biofertilizer applications with regards to soil quality and environmental risks.The economic characteristics of integrated digestate processing systems producing solid and liquid biofertilizer products were then explored. The economic analysis took into account data obtained from the processing of over 50,000 L of digestate from commercial food waste and dairy manure anaerobic digesters using a novel system consisting of: solid-liquid separation with vibratory screen and self-cleaning filtration units, ultrafiltration, solar and active drying, and milling and pelletizing. The pelletized solid biofertilizers derived from the system contained 8.8 to 9.4% (fresh weight) of N-P-K macronutrients with the pellets derived from food waste digestate containing higher levels than the dairy manure digestate. The capital and operating costs associated with the integrated processing system were determined to range between $15 to $26 per m3 of processed digestate for systems with capacities between 38 and 300 m3 per day. The solid-liquid separation and active drying operations were the costliest unit operations of the system. Across the processing scales, the breakeven selling price of pellets ranged between $5.5 and $11 per kg of N-P-K present in the food waste and dairy manure digestate-derived products, which was within the range of other solid organic agricultural fertilizers on the market. The products of smaller digestate processing plants (i.e. <75 m3 per day) were found to be uneconomical for transport in the absence of potentially uncompetitive pellet selling prices. Using estimated transportation costs for California, the economical selling price for the liquid biofertilizer products ranged from $3.3 to $4.4 per. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest).

ISBN: 9798664724677Subjects--Topical Terms:

548583
Environmental engineering.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Anaerobic Digestion

Processing and Utilization of Anaerobic Digestate as Biofertilizer for Production of Crops and Microalgae.
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245 1 0 $a Processing and Utilization of Anaerobic Digestate as Biofertilizer for Production of Crops and Microalgae.
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300 $a 214 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-03, Section: B.
500 $a Advisor: Zhang, Ruihong.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2020.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a It is estimated that 1.3 billion tonnes of edible food is wasted globally each year resulting in 250 km3 of corresponding wasted water and an addition of 3.3 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2e) emissions to the atmosphere. Vast quantities of nutrients exist in these organic wastes that can potentially be utilized as fertilizers or soil amendments to subsidize the tremendous demand for synthetic chemical fertilizers and to reduce the economic and environmental costs associated with fertilizer production and waste disposal. Anaerobic digesters have become increasingly popular as a means of energy production by converting agricultural and other organic waste into biogas, which can be used as fuel for combined heat and power applications. Knowledge and demonstration of efficient processes to convert the effluent of the anaerobic digestion process into profitable biofertilizer products will facilitate the adoption of internal nutrient cycles within the agricultural industry, lowering greenhouse gas emissions and reducing environmental impacts associated with current organic waste management practices.In the first study, food waste and dairy manure digestates from commercial digesters were characterized in the lab for particle and nutrient distributions before pilot-scale processing (vibratory screen, ultrafiltration, solar drying) to produce solid and liquid biofertilizer products. Experimental results showed the elemental compositions of the two digestates were different but shared similarities. The coarse solids of both digestates had lower concentrations of nutrients than the liquid fractions, which contained most of the K and Na. The dairy manure digestate had a higher amount of fine solids between 0.45 - 75 µm than the food waste digestate but the majority of TKN was contained in this fraction of both digestates. An optimization analysis concluded that optimal combinations of digestate fractions included over 70% coarse solids to obtain desired nutrient and salt ratios. The solid and liquid fertilizer products derived from the pilot-scale were similar to those expected from the lab-scale investigation.The next study investigated the effects of applying anaerobically digested food waste and dairy manure-derived biofertilizers created on the pilot-scale to processing tomatoes. The liquid concentrate and permeate from the processing system were delivered to tomato plants through a subsurface drip fertigation system in a farm-scale cultivation experiment. The results showed that liquid digestate biofertilizers could be effectively delivered to the tomato plants given that steps to ensure suitable particle sizes were maintained prior to delivery. The ultrafiltered dairy manure digestate biofertilizer (DMP) had the highest yield of red tomatoes (7.13 tonne×ha-1) followed by the concentrated food waste digestate biofertilizer (FWC) and mineral N fertilizer treatments with 6.26 and 5.98 tonne×ha-1, respectively. The FWC biofertilizer produced tomatoes with significantly higher total and soluble solids contents compared to the synthetically fertilized tomatoes. Few significant differences between the treatments were observed for the pH, color, or size of the red tomatoes. These results indicate promise for the prospect of applying digestate biofertilizer products to tomatoes using the industry-standard subsurface drip fertigation method. Additionally, digestate-derived biofertilizers may have potential to increase crop yields as well as certain quality characteristics of the harvested tomato fruit. No changes in soil quality were found among treatments but more study is required to understand long-term effects of biofertilizer applications with regards to soil quality and environmental risks.The economic characteristics of integrated digestate processing systems producing solid and liquid biofertilizer products were then explored. The economic analysis took into account data obtained from the processing of over 50,000 L of digestate from commercial food waste and dairy manure anaerobic digesters using a novel system consisting of: solid-liquid separation with vibratory screen and self-cleaning filtration units, ultrafiltration, solar and active drying, and milling and pelletizing. The pelletized solid biofertilizers derived from the system contained 8.8 to 9.4% (fresh weight) of N-P-K macronutrients with the pellets derived from food waste digestate containing higher levels than the dairy manure digestate. The capital and operating costs associated with the integrated processing system were determined to range between $15 to $26 per m3 of processed digestate for systems with capacities between 38 and 300 m3 per day. The solid-liquid separation and active drying operations were the costliest unit operations of the system. Across the processing scales, the breakeven selling price of pellets ranged between $5.5 and $11 per kg of N-P-K present in the food waste and dairy manure digestate-derived products, which was within the range of other solid organic agricultural fertilizers on the market. The products of smaller digestate processing plants (i.e. <75 m3 per day) were found to be uneconomical for transport in the absence of potentially uncompetitive pellet selling prices. Using estimated transportation costs for California, the economical selling price for the liquid biofertilizer products ranged from $3.3 to $4.4 per. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest).
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653 $a Anaerobic Digestion
653 $a Digestate
653 $a Economic Analysis
653 $a Fungal assisted harvesting
653 $a Microalgae
653 $a Tomato
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710 2 $a University of California, Davis. $b Biological Systems Engineering. $3 1684951
773 0 $t Dissertations Abstracts International $g 82-03B.
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792 $a 2020
793 $a English
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