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Changes in Body Composition and Eating Behaviors in 6- to 8-Year Old Children with Obesity Participating in a Family-Centered Lifestyle Intervention: Results from a 1 Year Randomized Controlled Trial.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Changes in Body Composition and Eating Behaviors in 6- to 8-Year Old Children with Obesity Participating in a Family-Centered Lifestyle Intervention: Results from a 1 Year Randomized Controlled Trial./
Author:	Cohen, Tamara R.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2017,
Description:	230 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-09, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International82-09B.
Subject:	Exercise. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28249776
ISBN:	9798582584902

Changes in Body Composition and Eating Behaviors in 6- to 8-Year Old Children with Obesity Participating in a Family-Centered Lifestyle Intervention: Results from a 1 Year Randomized Controlled Trial.
Cohen, Tamara R.

Changes in Body Composition and Eating Behaviors in 6- to 8-Year Old Children with Obesity Participating in a Family-Centered Lifestyle Intervention: Results from a 1 Year Randomized Controlled Trial. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2017 - 230 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-09, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--McGill University (Canada), 2017.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Background: Childhood obesity is a complex disease that is associated with health consequences. The literature supports the use of family-centered lifestyle interventions in reducing adiposity in children with obesity, however, the evidence that milk products may favorably modulate these changes are unclear. Further, few interventions include assessment of bone health in this pediatric population. This dissertation aimed to test the effects of increased milk and milk products and weight-bearing types of activity on changes in: (1) body composition; (2) bone health; and (3) eating behaviors in children with obesity participating in a 1 year (y) family-centered lifestyle intervention.Design: Data are from the McGill Youth Lifestyle Intervention with Food and Exercise (MY LIFE) study, a 1 y randomized controlled trial that took place in Montreal, QC. Eligibility included healthy children classified as overweight or obese as per the World Health Organization. Children (n = 78; ages 6-8.5 y) were randomized to either: control (Ctrl: no intervention); standard intervention (StnTx: 2 servings of milk and milk products/ day (d); meet physical activity (PA) guidelines) or modified intervention (ModTx: 4 servings of milk and milk products/ d; meet PA guidelines plus daily weight-bearing types of PA). Study visits occurred every 3 months (mo) for 1 y; interventions were held once a month for 5 mo with a follow-up session at the end of the 8th mo. Interventions were based on Canada's Food Guide to Healthy Eating (CFG) and Canadian PA guidelines and individualized to meet the needs of the family. Ctrl received counseling after 1 y. Fasting blood samples were collected for various outcomes. Anthropometry were measured; body mass index-for-age and sex z-scores (BAZ) were calculated. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans were performed for: percent body fat (%BF), fat mass (FM), trunk FM, lean mass. Whole body (WB), lumbar spine (LS) and lumbar lateral spine (LLS) were measured for bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD). Parents completed the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire, reported on diet (3-day food diary) and were surveyed on PA and sedentary behaviors of their child. Fatty acids measured in erythrocytes by gas chromatography were used to assess compliance to the milk intervention during the first 6 months.Results: (Aim 1) Baseline anthropometry did not differ among groups. At 1 y, all groups increased height (p<0.001) and lean mass (p<0.001), however BAZ was significantly lower in ModTx (p<0.001); %BF was also lower in ModTx (p=0.02), but not in StnTx (p=0.99) or Ctrl (p=0.99). FM, waist circumference and trunk FM all significantly increased in Ctrl (p<0.001). ModTx significantly decreased erythrocyte fatty acids related to milk product intake by 6 mo (p<0.05). (Aim 2) Compared to baseline, 1 y measures of BMC in WB, LS, and LLS had significantly increased among all groups (p<0.001). However, WB BMD z-scores were significantly lower in Ctrl at 1 y compared to baseline (p<0.05), whereas BMD for WB and LLS were significantly increased in StnTx and ModTx (p<0.001) but not in Ctrl. Bone biomarkers did not change over time among groups. (Aim 3) At 6-mo StnTx reduced Emotional Overeating and Desire to Drink scores while Food Responsiveness scores were reduced in both StnTx and ModTx (p<0.05). At 1-y, scores for Desire to Drink in StnTx and Food Responsiveness in ModTx remained lower (p<0.05). Plasma leptin concentrations were lower in ModTx at 6-mo compared to baseline (p<0.05).Conclusion: Participating in a family-centered lifestyle intervention based on Canadian dietary and PA guidelines had positive effects on reducing adiposity while maintaining bone health and favorably changing eating behaviors in children with obesity. This study suggests that the use of national guidelines as a template for intervention platforms are appropriate, but need to be individualized to meet the needs of the family.

ISBN: 9798582584902Subjects--Topical Terms:

532868
Exercise.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Pediatrics

Changes in Body Composition and Eating Behaviors in 6- to 8-Year Old Children with Obesity Participating in a Family-Centered Lifestyle Intervention: Results from a 1 Year Randomized Controlled Trial.
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520 $a Background: Childhood obesity is a complex disease that is associated with health consequences. The literature supports the use of family-centered lifestyle interventions in reducing adiposity in children with obesity, however, the evidence that milk products may favorably modulate these changes are unclear. Further, few interventions include assessment of bone health in this pediatric population. This dissertation aimed to test the effects of increased milk and milk products and weight-bearing types of activity on changes in: (1) body composition; (2) bone health; and (3) eating behaviors in children with obesity participating in a 1 year (y) family-centered lifestyle intervention.Design: Data are from the McGill Youth Lifestyle Intervention with Food and Exercise (MY LIFE) study, a 1 y randomized controlled trial that took place in Montreal, QC. Eligibility included healthy children classified as overweight or obese as per the World Health Organization. Children (n = 78; ages 6-8.5 y) were randomized to either: control (Ctrl: no intervention); standard intervention (StnTx: 2 servings of milk and milk products/ day (d); meet physical activity (PA) guidelines) or modified intervention (ModTx: 4 servings of milk and milk products/ d; meet PA guidelines plus daily weight-bearing types of PA). Study visits occurred every 3 months (mo) for 1 y; interventions were held once a month for 5 mo with a follow-up session at the end of the 8th mo. Interventions were based on Canada's Food Guide to Healthy Eating (CFG) and Canadian PA guidelines and individualized to meet the needs of the family. Ctrl received counseling after 1 y. Fasting blood samples were collected for various outcomes. Anthropometry were measured; body mass index-for-age and sex z-scores (BAZ) were calculated. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans were performed for: percent body fat (%BF), fat mass (FM), trunk FM, lean mass. Whole body (WB), lumbar spine (LS) and lumbar lateral spine (LLS) were measured for bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD). Parents completed the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire, reported on diet (3-day food diary) and were surveyed on PA and sedentary behaviors of their child. Fatty acids measured in erythrocytes by gas chromatography were used to assess compliance to the milk intervention during the first 6 months.Results: (Aim 1) Baseline anthropometry did not differ among groups. At 1 y, all groups increased height (p<0.001) and lean mass (p<0.001), however BAZ was significantly lower in ModTx (p<0.001); %BF was also lower in ModTx (p=0.02), but not in StnTx (p=0.99) or Ctrl (p=0.99). FM, waist circumference and trunk FM all significantly increased in Ctrl (p<0.001). ModTx significantly decreased erythrocyte fatty acids related to milk product intake by 6 mo (p<0.05). (Aim 2) Compared to baseline, 1 y measures of BMC in WB, LS, and LLS had significantly increased among all groups (p<0.001). However, WB BMD z-scores were significantly lower in Ctrl at 1 y compared to baseline (p<0.05), whereas BMD for WB and LLS were significantly increased in StnTx and ModTx (p<0.001) but not in Ctrl. Bone biomarkers did not change over time among groups. (Aim 3) At 6-mo StnTx reduced Emotional Overeating and Desire to Drink scores while Food Responsiveness scores were reduced in both StnTx and ModTx (p<0.05). At 1-y, scores for Desire to Drink in StnTx and Food Responsiveness in ModTx remained lower (p<0.05). Plasma leptin concentrations were lower in ModTx at 6-mo compared to baseline (p<0.05).Conclusion: Participating in a family-centered lifestyle intervention based on Canadian dietary and PA guidelines had positive effects on reducing adiposity while maintaining bone health and favorably changing eating behaviors in children with obesity. This study suggests that the use of national guidelines as a template for intervention platforms are appropriate, but need to be individualized to meet the needs of the family.
520 $a Contexte: L'obesite juvenile est une maladie complexe. Les interventions qui visent a reduire l'adiposite chez l'enfant obese devraient etre centrees sur la famille, la durabilite des reductions de l'adiposite et la sante osseuse. Cette etude avait pour principal objectif d'evaluer les effets de l'augmentation de la consommation de produits laitiers et de la realisation d'exercices de port de poids dans : (1) la composition corporelle; (2) la sante osseuse et ses biomarqueurs; (3) le comportement alimentaire.Methodologie: Les donnees sont tirees de McGill Youth Lifestyle Intervention with Food and Exercise (MY LIFE), qui s'est deroule pendant 1 an dans Montreal (QC). Etaient acceptes les enfants en bonne sante consideres comme obeses ou en surpoids. Des enfants (n=78; 6-8,5 ans) ont ete affectes a 3 groupes : groupe temoin (Ctrl : pas d'intervention), groupe d'intervention standard (StnTx: 2 portions de produits laitiers/jour et application des Directives canadiennes en matiere d'activite) et groupe d'intervention modifiee (ModTx: 4 portions de produits laitiers/jour, application des Directives et exercices quotidiens de port de poids). Les visites de l'etude ont ete organisees tous les 3 mois pendant 1 an; les interventions, une fois par mois pendant 5 mois et une seance a la fin du 8e mois. Des prelevements sanguins ont ete effectues pour divers tests. Les parametres anthropometriques ont ete mesures, et les ecarts z de l'indice de masse corporelle en fonction de l'age et du sexe (BAZ) ont ete calcules. Des analyses par absorptiometrie a rayons X biphotonique ont ete effectuees pour etablir le pourcentage de masse grasse (%BF), la masse adipeuse (FM), la masse adipeuse du tronc. Le contenu mineral osseux (BMC) et la densite minerale osseuse (BMD) du corps entier (WB), de la colonne lombale (LS) et de la colonne lombale laterale (LLS) ont ete mesures. Les parents ont rempli un questionnaire sur le comportement alimentaire de leur enfant, ont redige son journal alimentaire et repondu a des questions sur ses habitudes. Les acides gras, mesures par chromatographie gazeuse, ont servi a evaluer la conformite aux interventions au cours des 6 premiers mois.Resultats: (1er objectif) L'anthropometrie n'etait pas differente au depart entre les groupes. Apres 12 mois, la taille (p<0.001) a augmente dans tous les groupes. Cependant, le BAZ a diminue de dans le groupe ModTx (p<0.001) ainsi le %BF dans ModTx (p=0,02), mais pas dans les groupes StnTx (p=0,99) et Ctrl (p=0,99). La FM, la circonference de la taille et la masse adipeuse du tronc ont tous presente une hausse significative dans le groupe Ctrl (p<0.001). Les taux d'acides gras erythrocytaires lies au produits laitiers avaient diminue dans ModTx au 6 mois (p<0.05). (2e objectif) Les mesures du BMC du WB, LS et LLS avaient augmente dans tous les groupes a 12 mois (p<0.001). Cependant, les ecarts z de la BMD du WB etait nettement plus bas dans le groupe Ctrl a 12 mois (p=0,01), tandis que la BMD du WB et de la LS avaient augmente de maniere significative dans les groupes StnTx et ModTx (p<0.05). Les biomarqueurs osseux n'ont pas change. (3e objectif) Dans StnTx, a 6 mois les scores pour «Emotional Overeating» et «Desire to Drink» pendant que les scores pour «Food Responsiveness» etaient plus bas dans ModTx. A 1 an, «Desire to Drink» et «Food Responsiveness» etaient plus bas dans StnTx et ModTx. Les concentrations de leptine etaient plus bas dans ModTx a 6 mois.Conclusion: La participation a une intervention sur le mode de vie centree sur la famille et utilisant le Guide et les Directives a eu des effets positifs sur la reduction de l'adiposite, le maintien de la sante osseuse et des changements positifs dans le comportement alimentaire chez des enfants obeses. Cette etude donne a penser que dans cette population, il est approprie d'utiliser des lignes directrices nationales pour structurer les interventions, mais en les individualisant pour repondre aux besoins des familles.
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