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High Temperature Airflow and Particle Deposition in Human Upper Lung-Airway Models with a Focus on the Mucus-Layer Dynamics.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	High Temperature Airflow and Particle Deposition in Human Upper Lung-Airway Models with a Focus on the Mucus-Layer Dynamics./
Author:	Kulkarni, Nilay Atul.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2019,
Description:	99 p.
Notes:	Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 81-07.
Contained By:	Masters Abstracts International81-07.
Subject:	Occupational safety. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=27731887
ISBN:	9781392514641

High Temperature Airflow and Particle Deposition in Human Upper Lung-Airway Models with a Focus on the Mucus-Layer Dynamics.
Kulkarni, Nilay Atul.

High Temperature Airflow and Particle Deposition in Human Upper Lung-Airway Models with a Focus on the Mucus-Layer Dynamics. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2019 - 99 p.

Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 81-07.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--North Carolina State University, 2019.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Tracking of inhaled pollutants is of great importance to assess the potentially harmful impact of people working in environments with toxic chemicals, especially at elevated air temperatures. Typical conditions experienced by firefighters or workers in smelters are temperature ranges of 50-200°C with pollutants such as foundry dust, welding fumes and soot as well as oxides of nitrogen and carbon. Possible severe health effects include inflammation of the bronchial tree and/or rise in toxicity levels in blood. As in vivo tests are very complex, potentially harmful and costly and in vitro experiments often lack high resolution, predictive, ie, accurate and realistic, in silico studies become a priority. They may include computer simulations of the air-particle dynamics in human lung-airway models to understand the transport, deposition and uptake of such pollutants at high inlet temperatures and low relative humidity. Detailed modeling, simulation and analysis focused on three-phase flow in a human upper lung-airway model with a realistic 3D mucus lining. Especially modeling of the nasal and upper airway mucus layers was of interest in order to simulate the vapor mass transfer to the airflow because of its primary function for airway humidification. This process leads to the availability of water vapor for interaction with the inhaled particles; it may lead to their hygroscopic growth, increasing their deposition percentage. Naturally, the humidification comes at a cost of loss of water from the mucus layer, which leads to its reduction or even depletion when exposed to very high temperatures. Accounting for the changes in thickness and the rise in temperature in the mucus layer is important to make an estimate of the possible locations of thermal injury in the lung, subject to continuous exposure of such abnormal inhalation conditions. Different temperature profiles, local changes in mucus layer thickness and deposition fractions were studied for ranges of severe inlet temperature conditions at a representative flow rate of 20 LPM (liters per minute). For inlet temperature of up to 100 °C mucus layer thinning was observed in both nasal cavities and the upper airways. The areas of significant wall heat flux and associated wall shear stress coincided with the regions of highest mucus evaporation, resulting in the humidification of the air with low relative humidity. Typically, mucus layers are considered to be only protective linings for the airway walls. In this study, drug delivery though the mucus layer and uptake at the epithelial cells was simulated and analyzed. Particle deposition data was obtained using Lagrangian particle tracking and the deposition positions were used as "drug injection points" for the mucus layer. Once available in the mucus layer, the dissolution, transport and uptake of the drug were simulated simultaneously, assuming steady mucociliary clearance of 6mm/min. Model development and mucus layer generation were done using C++ programming. All computer simulations were carried out using the open-source computational fluid dynamics toolbox OpenFOAM.

ISBN: 9781392514641Subjects--Topical Terms:

3172193
Occupational safety.

High Temperature Airflow and Particle Deposition in Human Upper Lung-Airway Models with a Focus on the Mucus-Layer Dynamics.
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245 1 0 $a High Temperature Airflow and Particle Deposition in Human Upper Lung-Airway Models with a Focus on the Mucus-Layer Dynamics.
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300 $a 99 p.
500 $a Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 81-07.
500 $a Advisor: Kleinstreuer, Clement.
502 $a Thesis (M.Sc.)--North Carolina State University, 2019.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a Tracking of inhaled pollutants is of great importance to assess the potentially harmful impact of people working in environments with toxic chemicals, especially at elevated air temperatures. Typical conditions experienced by firefighters or workers in smelters are temperature ranges of 50-200°C with pollutants such as foundry dust, welding fumes and soot as well as oxides of nitrogen and carbon. Possible severe health effects include inflammation of the bronchial tree and/or rise in toxicity levels in blood. As in vivo tests are very complex, potentially harmful and costly and in vitro experiments often lack high resolution, predictive, ie, accurate and realistic, in silico studies become a priority. They may include computer simulations of the air-particle dynamics in human lung-airway models to understand the transport, deposition and uptake of such pollutants at high inlet temperatures and low relative humidity. Detailed modeling, simulation and analysis focused on three-phase flow in a human upper lung-airway model with a realistic 3D mucus lining. Especially modeling of the nasal and upper airway mucus layers was of interest in order to simulate the vapor mass transfer to the airflow because of its primary function for airway humidification. This process leads to the availability of water vapor for interaction with the inhaled particles; it may lead to their hygroscopic growth, increasing their deposition percentage. Naturally, the humidification comes at a cost of loss of water from the mucus layer, which leads to its reduction or even depletion when exposed to very high temperatures. Accounting for the changes in thickness and the rise in temperature in the mucus layer is important to make an estimate of the possible locations of thermal injury in the lung, subject to continuous exposure of such abnormal inhalation conditions. Different temperature profiles, local changes in mucus layer thickness and deposition fractions were studied for ranges of severe inlet temperature conditions at a representative flow rate of 20 LPM (liters per minute). For inlet temperature of up to 100 °C mucus layer thinning was observed in both nasal cavities and the upper airways. The areas of significant wall heat flux and associated wall shear stress coincided with the regions of highest mucus evaporation, resulting in the humidification of the air with low relative humidity. Typically, mucus layers are considered to be only protective linings for the airway walls. In this study, drug delivery though the mucus layer and uptake at the epithelial cells was simulated and analyzed. Particle deposition data was obtained using Lagrangian particle tracking and the deposition positions were used as "drug injection points" for the mucus layer. Once available in the mucus layer, the dissolution, transport and uptake of the drug were simulated simultaneously, assuming steady mucociliary clearance of 6mm/min. Model development and mucus layer generation were done using C++ programming. All computer simulations were carried out using the open-source computational fluid dynamics toolbox OpenFOAM.
590 $a School code: 0155.
650 4 $a Occupational safety. $3 3172193
650 4 $a Mechanical engineering. $3 649730
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690 $a 0548
710 2 $a North Carolina State University. $3 1018772
773 0 $t Masters Abstracts International $g 81-07.
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791 $a M.Sc.
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