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The Evolution of a Stratified Upper Ocean Under Tropical Cyclone Forcing.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	The Evolution of a Stratified Upper Ocean Under Tropical Cyclone Forcing./
Author:	Coakley, Samuel James.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2022,
Description:	82 p.
Notes:	Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 83-12.
Contained By:	Masters Abstracts International83-12.
Subject:	Physical oceanography. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28967329
ISBN:	9798802713044

The Evolution of a Stratified Upper Ocean Under Tropical Cyclone Forcing.
Coakley, Samuel James.

The Evolution of a Stratified Upper Ocean Under Tropical Cyclone Forcing. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2022 - 82 p.

Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 83-12.

Thesis (M.S.)--Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, School of Graduate Studies, 2022.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

In this dissertation, I work to identify what ocean processes and features are essential to capturing the response of a highly stratified, nearshore ocean under tropical cyclone forcing. A combination of in situ measurements, theory, and numerical modeling is used in each case study to understand how the ocean responded and what drove that response. Improving our understanding of how the ocean responds to tropical cyclones will improve our ability to predict that response and how a tropical cyclone will change over time because of the connections between the upper ocean and tropical cyclone intensity. In the first chapter of this dissertation, I investigate what drove the extreme cooling of the sea surface temperature of 8°C under Typhoon Soulik (2018). This tropical cyclone caused cooling ahead of its eye, which led to its weakening before making landfall. I show that the surface cooling was predominantly driven by local, vertical mixing, using theory that is mixing process agnostic, but the wind-driven shear mixing of a one-dimensional model could not recreate the observed response, indicating that other vertical mixing processes were essential to the ocean's response to tropical cyclone forcing in this case. In the second chapter, I test the sensitivity of the evolution of the highly stratified, nearshore ocean along the Louisiana coast under Hurricane Ida (2021) to the presence and absence of a freshwater barrier layer. A freshwater barrier layer is formed when there is strong salinity stratification in an isothermal layer of the upper ocean. These features have been shown to support tropical cyclone intensification in the open ocean by inhibiting vertical mixing thus inhibiting surface cooling but there has been limited research on their impacts on tropical cyclones immediately before landfall. I created two sets of initial conditions from underwater glider observations ahead of Hurricane Ida, one set with the observed barrier layer and one where it was removed. The removal of the barrier layer led to an increase in the sea surface temperature cooling, a 14.8% reduction in the surface enthalpy flux to the atmosphere, and a 5% reduction in the dynamic potential intensity of Hurricane Ida, relative to the case with the barrier layer. These results indicate that shelf and coastal barrier layers are essential features that could cause changes in the intensity of a tropical cyclone as it approaches land. In this dissertation, I worked to determine what features and processes were essential to capturing the response of a stratified, nearshore ocean under tropical cyclone forcing and how that impacts storm intensity to improve our ability to forecast near land changes in intensity.

ISBN: 9798802713044Subjects--Topical Terms:

3168433
Physical oceanography.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Air-sea interactions

The Evolution of a Stratified Upper Ocean Under Tropical Cyclone Forcing.
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500 $a Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 83-12.
500 $a Advisor: Miles, Travis N.
502 $a Thesis (M.S.)--Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, School of Graduate Studies, 2022.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a In this dissertation, I work to identify what ocean processes and features are essential to capturing the response of a highly stratified, nearshore ocean under tropical cyclone forcing. A combination of in situ measurements, theory, and numerical modeling is used in each case study to understand how the ocean responded and what drove that response. Improving our understanding of how the ocean responds to tropical cyclones will improve our ability to predict that response and how a tropical cyclone will change over time because of the connections between the upper ocean and tropical cyclone intensity. In the first chapter of this dissertation, I investigate what drove the extreme cooling of the sea surface temperature of 8°C under Typhoon Soulik (2018). This tropical cyclone caused cooling ahead of its eye, which led to its weakening before making landfall. I show that the surface cooling was predominantly driven by local, vertical mixing, using theory that is mixing process agnostic, but the wind-driven shear mixing of a one-dimensional model could not recreate the observed response, indicating that other vertical mixing processes were essential to the ocean's response to tropical cyclone forcing in this case. In the second chapter, I test the sensitivity of the evolution of the highly stratified, nearshore ocean along the Louisiana coast under Hurricane Ida (2021) to the presence and absence of a freshwater barrier layer. A freshwater barrier layer is formed when there is strong salinity stratification in an isothermal layer of the upper ocean. These features have been shown to support tropical cyclone intensification in the open ocean by inhibiting vertical mixing thus inhibiting surface cooling but there has been limited research on their impacts on tropical cyclones immediately before landfall. I created two sets of initial conditions from underwater glider observations ahead of Hurricane Ida, one set with the observed barrier layer and one where it was removed. The removal of the barrier layer led to an increase in the sea surface temperature cooling, a 14.8% reduction in the surface enthalpy flux to the atmosphere, and a 5% reduction in the dynamic potential intensity of Hurricane Ida, relative to the case with the barrier layer. These results indicate that shelf and coastal barrier layers are essential features that could cause changes in the intensity of a tropical cyclone as it approaches land. In this dissertation, I worked to determine what features and processes were essential to capturing the response of a stratified, nearshore ocean under tropical cyclone forcing and how that impacts storm intensity to improve our ability to forecast near land changes in intensity.
590 $a School code: 0190.
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650 4 $a Atmospheric sciences. $3 3168354
653 $a Air-sea interactions
653 $a In situ observations
653 $a Modeling
653 $a Ocean mixing
653 $a Tropical cyclones
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690 $a 0725
710 2 $a Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, School of Graduate Studies. $b Oceanography. $3 3427267
773 0 $t Masters Abstracts International $g 83-12.
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791 $a M.S.
792 $a 2022
793 $a English
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