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Development of a Participatory Community Development Practice Model for Rural Communities Affected by Natural Disasters.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Development of a Participatory Community Development Practice Model for Rural Communities Affected by Natural Disasters./
Author:	Shokane, Allucia Lulu.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2017,
Description:	431 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-02, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International83-02A.
Subject:	Disaster relief. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28306445
ISBN:	9798738669958

Development of a Participatory Community Development Practice Model for Rural Communities Affected by Natural Disasters.
Shokane, Allucia Lulu.

Development of a Participatory Community Development Practice Model for Rural Communities Affected by Natural Disasters. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2017 - 431 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-02, Section: A.

Thesis (D.Litt. et Phil.)--University of Johannesburg (South Africa), 2017.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

The aim of the study was to design and review a practice model for community development in communities affected by natural disasters, in cooperation with the relevant stakeholders of a rural community in Greater-Tzaneen, Limpopo Province in South Africa. The effects of natural disasters are enormous in Greater Tzaneen, causing economic damage and a loss of human capabilities. A needs-based approach has primarily been used to address natural disasters. The challenges with this approach result in many people receiving temporary relief from outside the community, with minimum input from the community, which leads to a sense of apathy, hopelessness and a dependence on external institutions to fill in the gaps.The study adopts an Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) approach that advocates a paradigm shift from a deficient needs and problem-based orientation to a strengths' and assets' approach to working with communities. The ABCD framework believes that coping with a challenge lies in the hands of the community, thus following a community process of constructing and using their experience, knowledge (skills) and assets (existing community resources, skills and abilities) to explore ways of addressing and coping with the encounters of being affected by natural disasters. The community disaster intervention efforts were initiated by the community themselves; thus allowing a bottom-up approach, which is central to the ABCD approach. What's more, the ABCD approach advocates that any social intervention requires local solutions. Hence, a joint approach was followed and conducted through agreed actions and the utilisation of assets. The practice model was developed in a participatory manner through a collective action of community members affected by natural disasters.The Rothman and Thomas (1994) Intervention Design and Development (IDD) model, coupled with Participatory Action Research (PAR), was selected. The IDD research methodology was chose for its ability to guide the development process of the practice model and the PAR for its participatory nature. Both methodologies equally allowed for the cooperation of relevant stakeholders who were affected by natural disasters. In addition, both approaches were chosen for their qualitative and innovative nature. Both methodologies ensured that the community drives and assumes ownership of the research study in a collaborative manner. The community members affected by natural disasters were selected as participants and co-researches of the study through purposive judgemental sampling. The six research phases of the Rothman and Thomas (1994) IDD model were adjusted into four phases and applied to meet the study objectives. The adapted Design and Development (D&D) model of Rothman and Thomas (1994) commenced with phase one, which focuses on problem analysis and project planning. This ascertained that community members recognised encounters with natural disasters as a major problem which required community intervention. The findings of the problem analysis and project planning phase confirmed that the community members of Naphuno experienced problems with natural disasters, which often destroyed their property and adversely affected their livelihood. This was aligned with the study's thematic focus of natural disasters in rural areas. Due to the complexity of studying natural disasters, which, by their very nature, are problematic, the Rothman and Thomas (1994) problem analysis and project planning phase was suitable to analyse and plan for the research project. The mechanisms employed to facilitate this initial phase ultimately resulted in the endorsement of the development of the community practice model by the community of Naphuno. To this end, phase two focused on data gathering and synthesis, and concentrated on participatory data collection and analysis. This was conducted by: using existing information sources; studying natural examples; and identifying successful models that are used in natural disaster intervention in rural communities. The study's findings indicated and confirmed that the people who are affected by natural disasters have inherent skills and assets that can be applied in disaster management. Additionally, the findings confirmed that communities affected by natural disasters have, naturally, developed ways of coping with issues of trauma and life's general difficulties. Moreover, it was evident, after applying the asset based approach, that the participants no longer felt hopeless and ceased from blaming themselves for what had happened during the disaster as a result of participating in the focus group discussions. This has encouraged the researcher that the intervention research not only gathered data for research purposes, but also benefited the participants in that they felt proud about being survivors of natural disasters and reinforced their resolve to play a role in encouraging others who had recently experienced natural disasters. Furthermore, the focus group discussions were empowering and encouraged a participatory process in finding and solving problems while facilitating change. It is noteworthy that, in applying the ABCD approach, the researcher was challenged in stepping aside and acting as a facilitator rather than the driver of the community development process. Likewise, the researcher was also vigilant in implementing the community development process in cooperation with the relevant people. The third phase was dedicated to designing a strategy for the community practice model, in cooperation with all relevant stakeholders. The design of the community practice model was based on the theory of the ABCD approach, and focused on community principles of: participation, empowerment, self-reliance, ownership, being relationship driven; having a focus in leadership; and concentrating on assets. Of importance was how they could be used to further enhance and extend people's livelihoods after a disaster. The design phase confirmed that assets, no matter how few, are resources that permit research participants to cope with disaster predicaments. The design phase has led to development of key practice components that should be integrated into: the community practice model and, in particular, the principles underlying the model; the legislative framework; and, finally, the type of intervention - such as prevention and promotion, early intervention and reconstruction and after-care. Finally, the design phase has led to the development of the product, the community practice model. The review phase constituted the last phase conducted in the study. This involved reviewing the community practice model with community members affected by natural disasters, as well as professionals and experts involved in intervention of community natural disasters. The participatory community practice model was revised and refined as recommended. The significance of the developed participatory community development practice model, for rural communities affected by natural disasters, is to pave the way for potential practitioners and communities to deal with natural disasters, as well as facilitate social workers to plan, develop and provide community interventions based on the empirical findings obtained in this study. The study confirmed that limited research findings exist in other contexts in South Africa, specifically within the field of social work and community development, concerning the combination of PAR and intervention research as joint methodological choices of approach. Training of practitioners who will be implementing the participatory community development practice model is recommended in order to familiarise them with all its aspects.

ISBN: 9798738669958Subjects--Topical Terms:

582492
Disaster relief.

Development of a Participatory Community Development Practice Model for Rural Communities Affected by Natural Disasters.
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502 $a Thesis (D.Litt. et Phil.)--University of Johannesburg (South Africa), 2017.
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520 $a The aim of the study was to design and review a practice model for community development in communities affected by natural disasters, in cooperation with the relevant stakeholders of a rural community in Greater-Tzaneen, Limpopo Province in South Africa. The effects of natural disasters are enormous in Greater Tzaneen, causing economic damage and a loss of human capabilities. A needs-based approach has primarily been used to address natural disasters. The challenges with this approach result in many people receiving temporary relief from outside the community, with minimum input from the community, which leads to a sense of apathy, hopelessness and a dependence on external institutions to fill in the gaps.The study adopts an Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) approach that advocates a paradigm shift from a deficient needs and problem-based orientation to a strengths' and assets' approach to working with communities. The ABCD framework believes that coping with a challenge lies in the hands of the community, thus following a community process of constructing and using their experience, knowledge (skills) and assets (existing community resources, skills and abilities) to explore ways of addressing and coping with the encounters of being affected by natural disasters. The community disaster intervention efforts were initiated by the community themselves; thus allowing a bottom-up approach, which is central to the ABCD approach. What's more, the ABCD approach advocates that any social intervention requires local solutions. Hence, a joint approach was followed and conducted through agreed actions and the utilisation of assets. The practice model was developed in a participatory manner through a collective action of community members affected by natural disasters.The Rothman and Thomas (1994) Intervention Design and Development (IDD) model, coupled with Participatory Action Research (PAR), was selected. The IDD research methodology was chose for its ability to guide the development process of the practice model and the PAR for its participatory nature. Both methodologies equally allowed for the cooperation of relevant stakeholders who were affected by natural disasters. In addition, both approaches were chosen for their qualitative and innovative nature. Both methodologies ensured that the community drives and assumes ownership of the research study in a collaborative manner. The community members affected by natural disasters were selected as participants and co-researches of the study through purposive judgemental sampling. The six research phases of the Rothman and Thomas (1994) IDD model were adjusted into four phases and applied to meet the study objectives. The adapted Design and Development (D&D) model of Rothman and Thomas (1994) commenced with phase one, which focuses on problem analysis and project planning. This ascertained that community members recognised encounters with natural disasters as a major problem which required community intervention. The findings of the problem analysis and project planning phase confirmed that the community members of Naphuno experienced problems with natural disasters, which often destroyed their property and adversely affected their livelihood. This was aligned with the study's thematic focus of natural disasters in rural areas. Due to the complexity of studying natural disasters, which, by their very nature, are problematic, the Rothman and Thomas (1994) problem analysis and project planning phase was suitable to analyse and plan for the research project. The mechanisms employed to facilitate this initial phase ultimately resulted in the endorsement of the development of the community practice model by the community of Naphuno. To this end, phase two focused on data gathering and synthesis, and concentrated on participatory data collection and analysis. This was conducted by: using existing information sources; studying natural examples; and identifying successful models that are used in natural disaster intervention in rural communities. The study's findings indicated and confirmed that the people who are affected by natural disasters have inherent skills and assets that can be applied in disaster management. Additionally, the findings confirmed that communities affected by natural disasters have, naturally, developed ways of coping with issues of trauma and life's general difficulties. Moreover, it was evident, after applying the asset based approach, that the participants no longer felt hopeless and ceased from blaming themselves for what had happened during the disaster as a result of participating in the focus group discussions. This has encouraged the researcher that the intervention research not only gathered data for research purposes, but also benefited the participants in that they felt proud about being survivors of natural disasters and reinforced their resolve to play a role in encouraging others who had recently experienced natural disasters. Furthermore, the focus group discussions were empowering and encouraged a participatory process in finding and solving problems while facilitating change. It is noteworthy that, in applying the ABCD approach, the researcher was challenged in stepping aside and acting as a facilitator rather than the driver of the community development process. Likewise, the researcher was also vigilant in implementing the community development process in cooperation with the relevant people. The third phase was dedicated to designing a strategy for the community practice model, in cooperation with all relevant stakeholders. The design of the community practice model was based on the theory of the ABCD approach, and focused on community principles of: participation, empowerment, self-reliance, ownership, being relationship driven; having a focus in leadership; and concentrating on assets. Of importance was how they could be used to further enhance and extend people's livelihoods after a disaster. The design phase confirmed that assets, no matter how few, are resources that permit research participants to cope with disaster predicaments. The design phase has led to development of key practice components that should be integrated into: the community practice model and, in particular, the principles underlying the model; the legislative framework; and, finally, the type of intervention - such as prevention and promotion, early intervention and reconstruction and after-care. Finally, the design phase has led to the development of the product, the community practice model. The review phase constituted the last phase conducted in the study. This involved reviewing the community practice model with community members affected by natural disasters, as well as professionals and experts involved in intervention of community natural disasters. The participatory community practice model was revised and refined as recommended. The significance of the developed participatory community development practice model, for rural communities affected by natural disasters, is to pave the way for potential practitioners and communities to deal with natural disasters, as well as facilitate social workers to plan, develop and provide community interventions based on the empirical findings obtained in this study. The study confirmed that limited research findings exist in other contexts in South Africa, specifically within the field of social work and community development, concerning the combination of PAR and intervention research as joint methodological choices of approach. Training of practitioners who will be implementing the participatory community development practice model is recommended in order to familiarise them with all its aspects.
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650 4 $a Community development. $3 523216
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650 4 $a Research methodology. $3 3559994
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