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Breaking Down the Barriers : The Effects of Aging, Gut Microbiota and Bile Acids on Intestinal Health.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Breaking Down the Barriers : The Effects of Aging, Gut Microbiota and Bile Acids on Intestinal Health./
Author:	Lugt, Benthe van der.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2021,
Description:	276 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-07, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International83-07B.
Subject:	Infections. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28854499
ISBN:	9798759927358

Breaking Down the Barriers : The Effects of Aging, Gut Microbiota and Bile Acids on Intestinal Health.
Lugt, Benthe van der.

Breaking Down the Barriers : The Effects of Aging, Gut Microbiota and Bile Acids on Intestinal Health. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2021 - 276 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-07, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wageningen University and Research, 2021.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

It is widely acknowledged that the intestine plays an essential role in the maintenance of overall health. The intestinal barrier is responsible to carry out this highly important, but complex task. The intestinal barrier include the mucus layer, the intestinal epithelial cell layer and the immune cell 'layer'. In a healthy condition, the trillions of micro-organisms that are present in the intestinal tract have a beneficial relationship with the host. However, in case these highly regulated processes are impaired, the risk of (intestinal) diseases increases. As the prevalence of intestinal disorders is increasing worldwide, there is a high urgency to increase the scientific knowledge in the field of intestinal health. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effects of relevant aspects that are known to be involved in intestinal health: the aging process, gut microbiota, and bile acids. To investigate this, we used relevant in vivo and in vitro modelsThe life-expectancy of humans has increased over the past centuries. However, the aging process increases the risk of disease, including intestinal disorders. To improve healthy aging, it is important to gain insight in the mechanisms underlying aging-related impaired intestinal health. In Chapter 2, we investigated the effects of the aging process on different aspects of intestinal health using C57BL/6J mice aged 6, 12, 24 and 28 months. We found pronounced changes in gut microbiota composition during aging, including an enrichment of potential pathobionts and a decline in healthpromoting bacteria, such as Akkermansia spp. Transcriptome analysis of colonic scrapings pointed towards a decreased intestinal immune response during aging. To explore interactions between the gut microbiota and host colonic gene expression, a comprehensive integrative analysis was performed. The observed correlations between specific bacterial genera and host gene expression may serve as a starting point for future studies investigating the exact host-microbe interactions that take place in the vicinity of the colonic wall.Since a detrimental shift in gut microbiota composition is frequently observed during aging, manipulation of the gut microbiota in the aged population could be a strategy to enhance healthy aging. A highly promising candidate is Akkermansia muciniphila, since a wide range of studies showed that this bacterium has beneficial effects on low-grade inflammation and (cardio)metabolic disorders. However, the effects of A. muciniphila on intestinal health parameters are not widely investigated yet. In Chapter 3, we supplemented progeroid Ercc1Δ-/7 mice with A. muciniphila for 10 weeks and investigated histological, transcriptional and immunological aspects of intestinal health. We found that the thickness of the colonic mucus layer increased about 3-fold in supplemented mice compared to the control group that did not receive supplementation. Moreover, both transcriptomic and immunological analysis revealed an improved immune status. These results highlight the potential anti-inflammatory properties of A. muciniphila, which serve as a starting point for future studies investigating the use of this bacterium as a therapeutic intervention in the elderly population.The involvement of the gut microbiota in inflammatory disorders of the intestine, such as IBD, is widely acknowledged. Bacterial metabolites, which are the end products of bacterial metabolism, have a great influence on intestinal health, such as immune response and intestinal barrier function. Therefore, the shift in bacterial metabolite composition as a result of IBD-related dysbiosis could play a role in IBD pathology. In a previous study, increased levels of sulfated BAs were found in IBD patients, but the exact effect of sulfated BAs on disease progression has not been investigated yet.

ISBN: 9798759927358Subjects--Topical Terms:

1621997
Infections.

Breaking Down the Barriers : The Effects of Aging, Gut Microbiota and Bile Acids on Intestinal Health.
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