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Food Web Consequences of a Seagrass Microparasite and a Crustacean Macroparasite.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Food Web Consequences of a Seagrass Microparasite and a Crustacean Macroparasite./
作者:	Yoshioka, Reyn M.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2021,
面頁冊數:	96 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-05, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International83-05B.
標題:	Ecology. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28547472
ISBN:	9798492721985

Food Web Consequences of a Seagrass Microparasite and a Crustacean Macroparasite.
Yoshioka, Reyn M.

Food Web Consequences of a Seagrass Microparasite and a Crustacean Macroparasite. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2021 - 96 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-05, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Oregon, 2021.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Despite their ubiquity and known ecological impacts, parasites are still infrequently considered in studies of trophic ecology. Additionally, the most recognized effects of marine parasites on food webs are those caused by mass mortalities. In contrast to these density-mediated effects, trait-mediated indirect interactions (TMII), where host ecological function is altered through parasitism, are less conspicuous but not necessarily less important. In this dissertation, I present studies of potential TMIIs of two marine parasites.he protist Labyrinthula zosterae D. Porter & Muehlstein (Lz) infects the eelgrass Zostera marina L. First, in Chapter II, I ask whether Lz may increase the nutrition of eelgrass tissue by synthesizing DHA, a nutritious ω-3 fatty acid (FA), based on Lz's relatives. By culturing Lz on various substrates, I found that Lz produces DHA as its primary FA and in detectable amounts in diseased tissue. This suggested that diseased tissue may be more nutritious for eelgrass consumers, which I tested in Chapter III using the detritivorous copepod Tisbe sp. Lilljeborg. Providing Tisbe either healthy or diseased eelgrass segments, I asked whether diseased eelgrass was functionally like detritus and fostered copepod population growth. Diseased eelgrass segments produced greater copepod numbers than healthy ones. Resulting copepods did not show clear differences in DHA, suggesting that FA changes were less important than eelgrass material becoming more labile via disease. Nonetheless, this showed that disease may foster secondary production.In Chapter IV, I studied the effects of the rhizocephalan Sylon hippolytes M. Sars infecting the shrimp Pandalus danae Stimpson. Using a field survey, I found that Sylon increased rates of epibiosis on hosts, which may interfere with shrimp antipredator defenses. Infected shrimp also showed distinct FA profiles relative to uninfected ones, with changes substantial enough to alter dietary mixing model predictions. Thus, Sylon may affect marine trophic interactions and our understanding of them.Altogether, this work shows that Lz and Sylon can substantially alter their hosts, producing unrecognized TMIIs in their ecosystems. The results encourage further research into these systems and a greater appreciation for marine parasites in food webs.

ISBN: 9798492721985Subjects--Topical Terms:

516476
Ecology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Eelgrass

Food Web Consequences of a Seagrass Microparasite and a Crustacean Macroparasite.
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245 1 0 $a Food Web Consequences of a Seagrass Microparasite and a Crustacean Macroparasite.
260 1 $a Ann Arbor : $b ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, $c 2021
300 $a 96 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-05, Section: B.
500 $a Advisor: Bridgham, Scott;Galloway, Aaron.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Oregon, 2021.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a Despite their ubiquity and known ecological impacts, parasites are still infrequently considered in studies of trophic ecology. Additionally, the most recognized effects of marine parasites on food webs are those caused by mass mortalities. In contrast to these density-mediated effects, trait-mediated indirect interactions (TMII), where host ecological function is altered through parasitism, are less conspicuous but not necessarily less important. In this dissertation, I present studies of potential TMIIs of two marine parasites.he protist Labyrinthula zosterae D. Porter & Muehlstein (Lz) infects the eelgrass Zostera marina L. First, in Chapter II, I ask whether Lz may increase the nutrition of eelgrass tissue by synthesizing DHA, a nutritious ω-3 fatty acid (FA), based on Lz's relatives. By culturing Lz on various substrates, I found that Lz produces DHA as its primary FA and in detectable amounts in diseased tissue. This suggested that diseased tissue may be more nutritious for eelgrass consumers, which I tested in Chapter III using the detritivorous copepod Tisbe sp. Lilljeborg. Providing Tisbe either healthy or diseased eelgrass segments, I asked whether diseased eelgrass was functionally like detritus and fostered copepod population growth. Diseased eelgrass segments produced greater copepod numbers than healthy ones. Resulting copepods did not show clear differences in DHA, suggesting that FA changes were less important than eelgrass material becoming more labile via disease. Nonetheless, this showed that disease may foster secondary production.In Chapter IV, I studied the effects of the rhizocephalan Sylon hippolytes M. Sars infecting the shrimp Pandalus danae Stimpson. Using a field survey, I found that Sylon increased rates of epibiosis on hosts, which may interfere with shrimp antipredator defenses. Infected shrimp also showed distinct FA profiles relative to uninfected ones, with changes substantial enough to alter dietary mixing model predictions. Thus, Sylon may affect marine trophic interactions and our understanding of them.Altogether, this work shows that Lz and Sylon can substantially alter their hosts, producing unrecognized TMIIs in their ecosystems. The results encourage further research into these systems and a greater appreciation for marine parasites in food webs.
590 $a School code: 0171.
650 4 $a Ecology. $3 516476
650 4 $a Aquatic sciences. $3 3174300
650 4 $a Parasitology. $3 635062
653 $a Eelgrass
653 $a Fatty acid
653 $a Labyrinthula zosterae
653 $a Marine trophic ecology
653 $a Pandalus danae
653 $a Sylon hippolytes
690 $a 0329
690 $a 0792
690 $a 0718
710 2 $a University of Oregon. $b Department of Biology. $3 3191662
773 0 $t Dissertations Abstracts International $g 83-05B.
790 $a 0171
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2021
793 $a English
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28547472