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The Form and Function of Vertebral Trabecular Bone in Fully Aquatic Mammals.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	The Form and Function of Vertebral Trabecular Bone in Fully Aquatic Mammals./
Author:	Ingle, Danielle Nicole.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2020,
Description:	170 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-02, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International82-02B.
Subject:	Biomechanics. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28029250
ISBN:	9798664732948

The Form and Function of Vertebral Trabecular Bone in Fully Aquatic Mammals.
Ingle, Danielle Nicole.

The Form and Function of Vertebral Trabecular Bone in Fully Aquatic Mammals. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2020 - 170 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-02, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2020.

This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.

Among vertebrates, whole-body movement is centered around the vertebral column. The bony vertebral column primarily consists of trabecular (spongy) bone that adapts in vivo to support mechanical demands respective to region, ontogeny, ecology, and locomotion. Previous work has extensively investigated the form-function relationships of vertebral trabecular bone in terrestrial mammals, who use limb contact with a substrate as the primary support against gravity. However, we lack data from obligate swimming mammals whose locomotor ecology diverged from their terrestrial counterparts in two major ways: (1) body mass is supported by water's uplifting buoyant forces and (2) swimmers power movement through dorsoventral loading of the axial body. This study examined vertebral trabecular bone mechanical properties and micoarchitecture from fully aquatic mammals, specifically sirenians (i.e. manatees) and cetaceans (i.e. dolphins and whales). We compression tested bone from several regions of the vertebral column among developmental stages in Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) and among 10 cetacean species (Families Delphinidae and Kogiidae) with various swimming modes and diving behaviors. In addition, we microCT scanned a subset of cetacean vertebrae before subjecting them to mechanical tests. We demonstrated that in precocial manatee calves, vertebrae were the strongest and toughest in the posterior vertebral column, which may support rostrocaudal force propagation and increasing bending amplitudes towards the tail tip during undulatory swimming. Among cetaceans, we showed that greatest strength, stiffness, toughness, bone volume fraction, and degree of anisotropy were in rigid-torso shallow-divers, while properties had the smallest values in flexible-torso deep-divers. We propose that animals swimming in shallower waters actively swim more than species that conduct habitual glides during deep descents in the water column, and place comparatively greater loads on their vertebral columns. We found that cetacean bone volume fraction was the best predictor for mechanical properties. Due to the shared non-weight bearing conditions of water and microgravity, we present these data as a contribution to the body of work investigating bone adaptations in mammals that live in weightless conditions throughout life and evolutionary history.

ISBN: 9798664732948Subjects--Topical Terms:

548685
Biomechanics.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Cetaceans

The Form and Function of Vertebral Trabecular Bone in Fully Aquatic Mammals.
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300 $a 170 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-02, Section: B.
500 $a Advisor: Porter, Marianne E.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2020.
506 $a This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a Among vertebrates, whole-body movement is centered around the vertebral column. The bony vertebral column primarily consists of trabecular (spongy) bone that adapts in vivo to support mechanical demands respective to region, ontogeny, ecology, and locomotion. Previous work has extensively investigated the form-function relationships of vertebral trabecular bone in terrestrial mammals, who use limb contact with a substrate as the primary support against gravity. However, we lack data from obligate swimming mammals whose locomotor ecology diverged from their terrestrial counterparts in two major ways: (1) body mass is supported by water's uplifting buoyant forces and (2) swimmers power movement through dorsoventral loading of the axial body. This study examined vertebral trabecular bone mechanical properties and micoarchitecture from fully aquatic mammals, specifically sirenians (i.e. manatees) and cetaceans (i.e. dolphins and whales). We compression tested bone from several regions of the vertebral column among developmental stages in Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) and among 10 cetacean species (Families Delphinidae and Kogiidae) with various swimming modes and diving behaviors. In addition, we microCT scanned a subset of cetacean vertebrae before subjecting them to mechanical tests. We demonstrated that in precocial manatee calves, vertebrae were the strongest and toughest in the posterior vertebral column, which may support rostrocaudal force propagation and increasing bending amplitudes towards the tail tip during undulatory swimming. Among cetaceans, we showed that greatest strength, stiffness, toughness, bone volume fraction, and degree of anisotropy were in rigid-torso shallow-divers, while properties had the smallest values in flexible-torso deep-divers. We propose that animals swimming in shallower waters actively swim more than species that conduct habitual glides during deep descents in the water column, and place comparatively greater loads on their vertebral columns. We found that cetacean bone volume fraction was the best predictor for mechanical properties. Due to the shared non-weight bearing conditions of water and microgravity, we present these data as a contribution to the body of work investigating bone adaptations in mammals that live in weightless conditions throughout life and evolutionary history.
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650 4 $a Biology. $3 522710
650 4 $a Marine mammals. $3 681032
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650 4 $a Vertebrates. $3 553665
650 4 $a Biological oceanography. $3 2122748
653 $a Cetaceans
653 $a Mechanical properties
653 $a Microarchitecture
653 $a Sirenians
653 $a Trabecular bone
653 $a Vertebrae
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