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Separating the Effects of Seawater Viscosity and Temperature on Copepod Biology and Ecology.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Separating the Effects of Seawater Viscosity and Temperature on Copepod Biology and Ecology./
Author:	Tyrell, Abigail Steele.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2020,
Description:	130 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-02, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International82-02B.
Subject:	Biological oceanography. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=27837033
ISBN:	9798662554740

Separating the Effects of Seawater Viscosity and Temperature on Copepod Biology and Ecology.
Tyrell, Abigail Steele.

Separating the Effects of Seawater Viscosity and Temperature on Copepod Biology and Ecology. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2020 - 130 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-02, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--State University of New York at Stony Brook, 2020.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Small marine organisms are impacted by both changes in seawater temperature and viscosity, the latter also being a secondary temperature impact. My dissertation disentangles the thermal effects of temperature from the physical effects of viscosity using copepods, an abundant group of marine zooplankton. In addition to studying the copepods at multiple temperatures, I changed the seawater viscosity independently from temperature using a non-toxic polymer. First, I fed two copepod species (Acartia tonsa and Parvocalanus crassirostris) two monoalgal diets (one motile and one non-motile) and measured the copepods' feeding rates at multiple temperatures and multiple viscosities within each temperature. Copepod feeding response to temperature was a reaction to the changing viscosity, implying that cold-temperature geographical limits of zooplankton populations may be partly governed by a viscous suppression of feeding. Second, I used videography to analyze the movements of two copepod species (Acartia hudsonica and P. crassirostris). Several A. hudsonica activities, including swimming and feeding flux, were affected by viscosity differences but not temperature differences. In contrast, no P. crassirostris activities were affected by viscosity, suggesting that these two copepod species have evolved in response to differing environmental pressures. Copepod swimming speed was reduced when feeding on non-motile prey compared to motile prey, suggesting that diet also plays an important role. Finally, I measured the oxygen consumption rates of two copepod species (A. tonsa and P. crassirostris) under varying temperature and viscosity conditions. I found that temperature, rather than viscosity, controls copepod respiration. I developed energy budgets to study the balance of respiration and ingestion at various temperatures. Copepods generally acquired the maximum amount of carbon at warm temperatures, refuting theories of increased "scope for growth" at cold temperatures. Temperatures with maximum net carbon acquisition reflected environmental distributions. Acartia tonsa had a higher maximum net carbon assimilation per unit body mass, indicating that the A. tonsa-type "sink-and-wait" feeding strategy may better exploit periodic food sources compared to the P. crassirostris-type continuous-swimming feeding strategy.

ISBN: 9798662554740Subjects--Topical Terms:

2122748
Biological oceanography.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Copepod

Separating the Effects of Seawater Viscosity and Temperature on Copepod Biology and Ecology.
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245 1 0 $a Separating the Effects of Seawater Viscosity and Temperature on Copepod Biology and Ecology.
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300 $a 130 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-02, Section: B.
500 $a Advisor: Fisher, Nicholas.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--State University of New York at Stony Brook, 2020.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a Small marine organisms are impacted by both changes in seawater temperature and viscosity, the latter also being a secondary temperature impact. My dissertation disentangles the thermal effects of temperature from the physical effects of viscosity using copepods, an abundant group of marine zooplankton. In addition to studying the copepods at multiple temperatures, I changed the seawater viscosity independently from temperature using a non-toxic polymer. First, I fed two copepod species (Acartia tonsa and Parvocalanus crassirostris) two monoalgal diets (one motile and one non-motile) and measured the copepods' feeding rates at multiple temperatures and multiple viscosities within each temperature. Copepod feeding response to temperature was a reaction to the changing viscosity, implying that cold-temperature geographical limits of zooplankton populations may be partly governed by a viscous suppression of feeding. Second, I used videography to analyze the movements of two copepod species (Acartia hudsonica and P. crassirostris). Several A. hudsonica activities, including swimming and feeding flux, were affected by viscosity differences but not temperature differences. In contrast, no P. crassirostris activities were affected by viscosity, suggesting that these two copepod species have evolved in response to differing environmental pressures. Copepod swimming speed was reduced when feeding on non-motile prey compared to motile prey, suggesting that diet also plays an important role. Finally, I measured the oxygen consumption rates of two copepod species (A. tonsa and P. crassirostris) under varying temperature and viscosity conditions. I found that temperature, rather than viscosity, controls copepod respiration. I developed energy budgets to study the balance of respiration and ingestion at various temperatures. Copepods generally acquired the maximum amount of carbon at warm temperatures, refuting theories of increased "scope for growth" at cold temperatures. Temperatures with maximum net carbon acquisition reflected environmental distributions. Acartia tonsa had a higher maximum net carbon assimilation per unit body mass, indicating that the A. tonsa-type "sink-and-wait" feeding strategy may better exploit periodic food sources compared to the P. crassirostris-type continuous-swimming feeding strategy.
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653 $a Zooplankton
690 $a 0416
710 2 $a State University of New York at Stony Brook. $b Marine and Atmospheric Science. $3 1683777
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