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Process-Based Modeling Framework for the Life-Cycle Environmental, Economic and Social Sustainability Dimensions of Cellulose-Based Materials.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Process-Based Modeling Framework for the Life-Cycle Environmental, Economic and Social Sustainability Dimensions of Cellulose-Based Materials./
Author:	Echeverria, Darlene Vanessa.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2021,
Description:	260 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-09, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International83-09B.
Subject:	Clothing. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28973103
ISBN:	9798780651833

Process-Based Modeling Framework for the Life-Cycle Environmental, Economic and Social Sustainability Dimensions of Cellulose-Based Materials.
Echeverria, Darlene Vanessa.

Process-Based Modeling Framework for the Life-Cycle Environmental, Economic and Social Sustainability Dimensions of Cellulose-Based Materials. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2021 - 260 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-09, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--North Carolina State University, 2021.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Sustainability assessments have gained considerable attention in the last decades with an increasing presence for decision-making, especially when multidisciplinary perspectives, environmental, economic, and social criteria are considered for process improvements and policy-making. However, evaluating sustainability is not straightforward, and the demand for quantifying such impacts for processes and products is critical to achieving sustainable development goals. This study focuses on quantifying and communicating the sustainability of cellulose-based materials by evaluating three different sustainability tools. First of all, a streamlined LCA for potential waste cotton application in an early stage of technology readiness. Second, a process-based simulation to generate life cycle inventory data was used to analyze impact assessments of manufacturing processes. Thirdly, a multi-criteria decision analysis tool was applied herein to select preferable alternatives integrating the three dimensions of sustainability: environment, economic and social.A literature review for end-of-life waste cotton highlighted a wide range of applications, conventional (e.g., regenerated cellulose) and non-conventional, such as biofuels and composites. This review shed light on potential new markets for waste cotton applications. In addition, further efforts to understand the environmental impacts/reductions of switching to waste cotton shows that there is a potential for mitigating climate change in products that can benefit from using waste cotton as raw material. Therefore, the results from this study illustrate that applying streamlined LCAs to analyze the use of waste cotton (considered free of environmental burdens) to reduce/replace virgin raw materials can reduce global warming potential. The three potential products studied were (1) pulp and paper applications and dissolving pulp, (2) chemicals such as succinic acid, and (3) insulation materials using waste cotton composites.In the next study, data gaps in the life cycle inventory of dissolving pulp production are addressed by applying a process-based simulation to quantify detailed mass and energy balances critical to carrying out any life-cycle impact analysis. Dissolving pulp is an interesting case in which the end-products applications are diverse. Dissolving pulp grades (e.g., acetates and viscose) can be produced from different biomass such as hardwoods and softwoods. The results show that the biomass feedstock directly affects the environmental impacts of dissolving pulp production. For instance, hardwood acetate grade has a higher global warming potential (1,010 kg CO2 eq./ADmt) than softwood acetate (860 kg CO2 eq./ADmt ). Nonetheless, hardwood acetate has lower environmental impacts in other categories related to ecosystems and human health. Additionally, a hotspot analysis identified that on-site emissions and chemicals are the main contributors to the environmental impacts across the grades of pulp studied herein. Furthermore, the results and life cycle inventory data generated in this research provide critical information to support future sustainability assessment for end-products derived from dissolving pulp. Finally, a methodology integrating the three pillars of sustainability using multi-criteria decision analysis to understand the preference of products/alternatives (e.g., bio-based hemp, wood, and regenerated cellulose vs. fossil-based polypropylene) for decision making is modeled. In this case, a model for stochastic multi-attribute analysis using pairwise outranking normalization is built, evaluated, and applied to wet wipes production. In addition, an indicator for litter accumulation based on the water and soil biodegradability of materials is proposed. The study determined the preference among different raw materials; wood pulp, hemp, viscose, and polypropylene for wet-wipes production. The results showed that wood pulp has the highest probability of ranking first 74%, followed by hemp with 19%, viscose with 3%, and polypropylene with 5%, respectively. The inclusion of a litter score caused the nonbiodegradable polypropylene to have lower preferability relative to when a litter score was not included, as expected. The results from this research shed light on feedstock selection, considering all the aspects of sustainability to aid decision-making with multi-variable criteria.In summary, the assessment tools applied to cellulose-based materials from this research provide an insightful evaluation to effectively quantify environmental impacts at an early stage of development, a more robust detailed unit-operation based modeling process for more granularity, and overall integrated sustainability analysis that is holistic and objective, providing insights that can enhance future decision-making by stakeholders and policymakers.

ISBN: 9798780651833Subjects--Topical Terms:

3682213
Clothing.

Process-Based Modeling Framework for the Life-Cycle Environmental, Economic and Social Sustainability Dimensions of Cellulose-Based Materials.
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520 $a Sustainability assessments have gained considerable attention in the last decades with an increasing presence for decision-making, especially when multidisciplinary perspectives, environmental, economic, and social criteria are considered for process improvements and policy-making. However, evaluating sustainability is not straightforward, and the demand for quantifying such impacts for processes and products is critical to achieving sustainable development goals. This study focuses on quantifying and communicating the sustainability of cellulose-based materials by evaluating three different sustainability tools. First of all, a streamlined LCA for potential waste cotton application in an early stage of technology readiness. Second, a process-based simulation to generate life cycle inventory data was used to analyze impact assessments of manufacturing processes. Thirdly, a multi-criteria decision analysis tool was applied herein to select preferable alternatives integrating the three dimensions of sustainability: environment, economic and social.A literature review for end-of-life waste cotton highlighted a wide range of applications, conventional (e.g., regenerated cellulose) and non-conventional, such as biofuels and composites. This review shed light on potential new markets for waste cotton applications. In addition, further efforts to understand the environmental impacts/reductions of switching to waste cotton shows that there is a potential for mitigating climate change in products that can benefit from using waste cotton as raw material. Therefore, the results from this study illustrate that applying streamlined LCAs to analyze the use of waste cotton (considered free of environmental burdens) to reduce/replace virgin raw materials can reduce global warming potential. The three potential products studied were (1) pulp and paper applications and dissolving pulp, (2) chemicals such as succinic acid, and (3) insulation materials using waste cotton composites.In the next study, data gaps in the life cycle inventory of dissolving pulp production are addressed by applying a process-based simulation to quantify detailed mass and energy balances critical to carrying out any life-cycle impact analysis. Dissolving pulp is an interesting case in which the end-products applications are diverse. Dissolving pulp grades (e.g., acetates and viscose) can be produced from different biomass such as hardwoods and softwoods. The results show that the biomass feedstock directly affects the environmental impacts of dissolving pulp production. For instance, hardwood acetate grade has a higher global warming potential (1,010 kg CO2 eq./ADmt) than softwood acetate (860 kg CO2 eq./ADmt ). Nonetheless, hardwood acetate has lower environmental impacts in other categories related to ecosystems and human health. Additionally, a hotspot analysis identified that on-site emissions and chemicals are the main contributors to the environmental impacts across the grades of pulp studied herein. Furthermore, the results and life cycle inventory data generated in this research provide critical information to support future sustainability assessment for end-products derived from dissolving pulp. Finally, a methodology integrating the three pillars of sustainability using multi-criteria decision analysis to understand the preference of products/alternatives (e.g., bio-based hemp, wood, and regenerated cellulose vs. fossil-based polypropylene) for decision making is modeled. In this case, a model for stochastic multi-attribute analysis using pairwise outranking normalization is built, evaluated, and applied to wet wipes production. In addition, an indicator for litter accumulation based on the water and soil biodegradability of materials is proposed. The study determined the preference among different raw materials; wood pulp, hemp, viscose, and polypropylene for wet-wipes production. The results showed that wood pulp has the highest probability of ranking first 74%, followed by hemp with 19%, viscose with 3%, and polypropylene with 5%, respectively. The inclusion of a litter score caused the nonbiodegradable polypropylene to have lower preferability relative to when a litter score was not included, as expected. The results from this research shed light on feedstock selection, considering all the aspects of sustainability to aid decision-making with multi-variable criteria.In summary, the assessment tools applied to cellulose-based materials from this research provide an insightful evaluation to effectively quantify environmental impacts at an early stage of development, a more robust detailed unit-operation based modeling process for more granularity, and overall integrated sustainability analysis that is holistic and objective, providing insights that can enhance future decision-making by stakeholders and policymakers.
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