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Investigating Epithelial and Immunological Responses of the Weaned Pig Small Intestine After Infection with Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Investigating Epithelial and Immunological Responses of the Weaned Pig Small Intestine After Infection with Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus./
Author:	Chen, Ya-Mei.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2021,
Description:	147 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-03, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International83-03B.
Subject:	Veterinary services. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28549489
ISBN:	9798544279136

Investigating Epithelial and Immunological Responses of the Weaned Pig Small Intestine After Infection with Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus.
Chen, Ya-Mei.

Investigating Epithelial and Immunological Responses of the Weaned Pig Small Intestine After Infection with Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2021 - 147 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-03, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Iowa State University, 2021.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection leads to diarrhea and subsequently decreased feed efficiency and growth in weaned pigs. Herein we describe PEDV-associated intestinal changes in 4-week-old and 8-week-old weaned piglets, including the ER stress and alteration of innate mucosal immunity.In weaned pigs at 4 weeks of age, PEDV infection induced a decrease in the ratios of villous height to crypt depth (VH-CD) in jejunum at 2, 4, and 6 days post inoculation (DPI) and in ileum at DPI 4. At DPI 10, the VH-CD ratio in both jejunum and ileum had been restored, and the PEDV antigen was not detectable via immunohistochemistry (IHC). PEDV-inoculated pigs had reduced lysozyme expression in ileal Paneth cells at DPI 2 but increased ileal polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) expression at DPI 4. The number of villous M cells was reduced in jejunum at DPI 4 and 6 and in ileum at DPI 6, while the number of Peyer's patch M cells in ileum increased at DPI 2 and then decreased at DPI 6 and 10. These results illustrate that PEDV alters intestinal innate immunity and potentially impairs immune surveillance in weaned pigs. At DPI 10, jejunal absorptive enterocytes at the villus tips revealed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in which E-cadherin expression decreased while expression of N-cadherin, vimentin, and Snail increased. There was also reduced expression of actin in microvilli and Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in tight junctions. Furthermore, the protein concentration of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) mediating EMT and cytoskeleton alteration was increased. These results reveal an incomplete restitution of enterocytes in the jejunum 10 days after PEDV inoculation. In weaned pigs at 8 weeks of age, PEDV infection led to a decrease in the VH-CD ratio in both jejunum and ileum at DPI 6. In PEDV immunolabeling-positive pigs at DPI 4, 6, and 10, jejunal absorptive enterocytes at the villus tips showed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) demonstrated by increased expression of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endonuclease 1 (IRE1), and ATF4. The expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and caspase-3 was also increased, indicating accompanying increased ER protein folding capacity and apoptosis.In conclusion, PEDV infection in weaning pigs induced acute and chronic ER stress in absorptive enterocytes at villus tips, leading to UPR, apoptosis, or EMT. PEDV infection also disrupted the local mucosal immunity by mediating Paneth cells, pIgR, villous M cells, and Peyer's patch M cells.

ISBN: 9798544279136Subjects--Topical Terms:

3433982
Veterinary services.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Coronavirus

Investigating Epithelial and Immunological Responses of the Weaned Pig Small Intestine After Infection with Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus.
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300 $a 147 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-03, Section: B.
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502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Iowa State University, 2021.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection leads to diarrhea and subsequently decreased feed efficiency and growth in weaned pigs. Herein we describe PEDV-associated intestinal changes in 4-week-old and 8-week-old weaned piglets, including the ER stress and alteration of innate mucosal immunity.In weaned pigs at 4 weeks of age, PEDV infection induced a decrease in the ratios of villous height to crypt depth (VH-CD) in jejunum at 2, 4, and 6 days post inoculation (DPI) and in ileum at DPI 4. At DPI 10, the VH-CD ratio in both jejunum and ileum had been restored, and the PEDV antigen was not detectable via immunohistochemistry (IHC). PEDV-inoculated pigs had reduced lysozyme expression in ileal Paneth cells at DPI 2 but increased ileal polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) expression at DPI 4. The number of villous M cells was reduced in jejunum at DPI 4 and 6 and in ileum at DPI 6, while the number of Peyer's patch M cells in ileum increased at DPI 2 and then decreased at DPI 6 and 10. These results illustrate that PEDV alters intestinal innate immunity and potentially impairs immune surveillance in weaned pigs. At DPI 10, jejunal absorptive enterocytes at the villus tips revealed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in which E-cadherin expression decreased while expression of N-cadherin, vimentin, and Snail increased. There was also reduced expression of actin in microvilli and Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in tight junctions. Furthermore, the protein concentration of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) mediating EMT and cytoskeleton alteration was increased. These results reveal an incomplete restitution of enterocytes in the jejunum 10 days after PEDV inoculation. In weaned pigs at 8 weeks of age, PEDV infection led to a decrease in the VH-CD ratio in both jejunum and ileum at DPI 6. In PEDV immunolabeling-positive pigs at DPI 4, 6, and 10, jejunal absorptive enterocytes at the villus tips showed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) demonstrated by increased expression of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endonuclease 1 (IRE1), and ATF4. The expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and caspase-3 was also increased, indicating accompanying increased ER protein folding capacity and apoptosis.In conclusion, PEDV infection in weaning pigs induced acute and chronic ER stress in absorptive enterocytes at villus tips, leading to UPR, apoptosis, or EMT. PEDV infection also disrupted the local mucosal immunity by mediating Paneth cells, pIgR, villous M cells, and Peyer's patch M cells.
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