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Development and Application of Sustainable Binders Comprising of Fly Ash and Ground Glass Fibers in Portland Cement and Geopolymer Concrete.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Development and Application of Sustainable Binders Comprising of Fly Ash and Ground Glass Fibers in Portland Cement and Geopolymer Concrete./
Author:	Amer, Omar Alsanusi.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2020,
Description:	331 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-03, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International83-03B.
Subject:	Civil engineering. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28261158
ISBN:	9798535589794

Development and Application of Sustainable Binders Comprising of Fly Ash and Ground Glass Fibers in Portland Cement and Geopolymer Concrete.
Amer, Omar Alsanusi.

Development and Application of Sustainable Binders Comprising of Fly Ash and Ground Glass Fibers in Portland Cement and Geopolymer Concrete. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2020 - 331 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-03, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Clemson University, 2020.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Since cement production is responsible for a significant share of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, the sustainability of concrete construction has become one of the most targeted research and construction industry goals. Many suggestions have been in use to encourage sustainability of concrete construction; one such approach is the use of industrial byproducts to partially replace cement. The most known industrial byproduct used in concrete construction worldwide has been fly ash, which is a byproduct of burning coal for power generation.Fly ash use in concrete has various benefits. It reduces the water demand, reduces plastic shrinkage, reduces permeability, and thus improving the durability of concrete against the ingress of chemicals such as sulfates and chlorides, increases the ultimate strength, and by replacing cement, the alkalinity of pore solution would decrease to a level at which alkali-silica reaction (ASR)-induced cracks could be less likely. However, the use of fly ash does have some setbacks. For example, it reduces the early-age strength development, and, with some types of fly ashes, higher cement replacement ratios are needed to achieve better performance in concrete durability problems, which affects the setting time and early-age strength. Moreover, the volume of the available fly ash is dwindling as power companies are moving towards more sustainable fuels for generating power. Lastly, tremendous amount of fly ash that does not meet ASTM C618 specifications for use in Portland cement concrete (i.e., Off-spec fly ashes) has been stored in facilities known as ash ponds. These ash ponds have been problematic to the environment, causing soil and groundwater contamination in locations where they are not adequately secured. There have also been incidents where hurricanes or tornadoes have caused ash pond spills, and the leached hazardous materials polluted water streams and rivers.Therefore, Optimizing the current fly ash resources or the search for alternatives to fly ash is substantial. One of the substitutes that has not been considerably examined for beneficial uses is the fiberglass waste from the production of glass fibers that are used in composite materials. This material's performance is superior as a pozzolan in portland cement concrete (PCC) and as a precursor for geopolymer concrete (GC) if it is finely ground.Therefore, the objective of this work, in its first stage, is to investigate the use of ground glass fibers (GGF) in binary and ternary blends with fly ash (in-spec and off-spec); so both materials could be used as either SCMs in PCC or as precursors in GC. In the second stage, to promote the use of these two industrial wastes, one application where selected blends of FA+GGF can be utilized was investigated. This application was the Full Depth Reclamation (FDR) of asphalt pavements, where a considerable amount of cement is used in pavement rehabilitation projects.The first stage of this study revealed that the ternary blend of GGF with the in-spec fly ashes in PCC had significantly improved both fresh and hardened properties of mortar and concrete. The GGF-containing mixtures' superior performance was confirmed as they had higher early compressive strength even at a high replacement ratio of 40% for both mortar and concrete. The early-age strength development was enhanced, and the drying shrinkage was reduced for the ternary blended concrete when compared with the performance of binary fly ash blended concrete. The ultimate compressive and tensile strengths were much improved compared to the pure cement concrete. The ternary blend significantly helped boost mitigating ASR and resisting sulfate attack and chloride ion penetration.For the off-spec fly ash, both fresh properties represented in the flow of mortar and slump of concrete and the hardened properties represented in the strength actvitiy index (SAI) and compressive strength of concrete are all improved in the ternary GGF+FA blended mixtures. The combination of high Loss on Ignition (LOI) fly ash and GGF improved ASR mitigation performance even at a low dosage of GGF. Additionally, the combined blend of GGF and high LOI fly ash required less air-entraining agent (AEA) to achieve the same air content in concrete than the binary fly ash mixture. This reduction in air content would help increase the resistance to freezing and thawing cycles, and at the same time, it did not significantly affect the compressive strength since smaller amounts of AEA was added.Similar improvements were obtained for the geopolymer based on the combined blend of GGF and FA. The inclusion of GGF in fly ash mixtures negated the need for sodium silicate (SS) solution in the activator, which is needed for fly ash-based geopolymerization. Good compressive strength was observed for GGF+FA blended geopolymer mortar using medium temperature for heat curing (60 °C or below). Eliminating the need for SS solution and the use of a moderate temperature of curing are substantial to achieve better sustainability of geopolymer.From the FDR studies, the results proved the effectiveness of using GGF with fly ash to replace cement either partially when used as a pozzolan in cement-based stabilization or fully when used as precursors for geopolymer-based stabilization. Additionally, the tested stabilized base materials have passed the durability testing of wetting and drying and freezing and thawing.Finally, this study helps reduce the environmental burdens of the ash that has long stored in ash ponds and promotes its use in concrete to reduce the use of cement and the associated carbon emissions. The use of GGF along with fly ash is an excellent option to alleviate the declining supplies of fly ash and to enhance the durability performance of fly ash-containing concrete mixtures.

ISBN: 9798535589794Subjects--Topical Terms:

860360
Civil engineering.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Cement modified recycled base

Development and Application of Sustainable Binders Comprising of Fly Ash and Ground Glass Fibers in Portland Cement and Geopolymer Concrete.
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245 1 0 $a Development and Application of Sustainable Binders Comprising of Fly Ash and Ground Glass Fibers in Portland Cement and Geopolymer Concrete.
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300 $a 331 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-03, Section: B.
500 $a Advisor: Rangaraju, Prasad.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Clemson University, 2020.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a Since cement production is responsible for a significant share of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, the sustainability of concrete construction has become one of the most targeted research and construction industry goals. Many suggestions have been in use to encourage sustainability of concrete construction; one such approach is the use of industrial byproducts to partially replace cement. The most known industrial byproduct used in concrete construction worldwide has been fly ash, which is a byproduct of burning coal for power generation.Fly ash use in concrete has various benefits. It reduces the water demand, reduces plastic shrinkage, reduces permeability, and thus improving the durability of concrete against the ingress of chemicals such as sulfates and chlorides, increases the ultimate strength, and by replacing cement, the alkalinity of pore solution would decrease to a level at which alkali-silica reaction (ASR)-induced cracks could be less likely. However, the use of fly ash does have some setbacks. For example, it reduces the early-age strength development, and, with some types of fly ashes, higher cement replacement ratios are needed to achieve better performance in concrete durability problems, which affects the setting time and early-age strength. Moreover, the volume of the available fly ash is dwindling as power companies are moving towards more sustainable fuels for generating power. Lastly, tremendous amount of fly ash that does not meet ASTM C618 specifications for use in Portland cement concrete (i.e., Off-spec fly ashes) has been stored in facilities known as ash ponds. These ash ponds have been problematic to the environment, causing soil and groundwater contamination in locations where they are not adequately secured. There have also been incidents where hurricanes or tornadoes have caused ash pond spills, and the leached hazardous materials polluted water streams and rivers.Therefore, Optimizing the current fly ash resources or the search for alternatives to fly ash is substantial. One of the substitutes that has not been considerably examined for beneficial uses is the fiberglass waste from the production of glass fibers that are used in composite materials. This material's performance is superior as a pozzolan in portland cement concrete (PCC) and as a precursor for geopolymer concrete (GC) if it is finely ground.Therefore, the objective of this work, in its first stage, is to investigate the use of ground glass fibers (GGF) in binary and ternary blends with fly ash (in-spec and off-spec); so both materials could be used as either SCMs in PCC or as precursors in GC. In the second stage, to promote the use of these two industrial wastes, one application where selected blends of FA+GGF can be utilized was investigated. This application was the Full Depth Reclamation (FDR) of asphalt pavements, where a considerable amount of cement is used in pavement rehabilitation projects.The first stage of this study revealed that the ternary blend of GGF with the in-spec fly ashes in PCC had significantly improved both fresh and hardened properties of mortar and concrete. The GGF-containing mixtures' superior performance was confirmed as they had higher early compressive strength even at a high replacement ratio of 40% for both mortar and concrete. The early-age strength development was enhanced, and the drying shrinkage was reduced for the ternary blended concrete when compared with the performance of binary fly ash blended concrete. The ultimate compressive and tensile strengths were much improved compared to the pure cement concrete. The ternary blend significantly helped boost mitigating ASR and resisting sulfate attack and chloride ion penetration.For the off-spec fly ash, both fresh properties represented in the flow of mortar and slump of concrete and the hardened properties represented in the strength actvitiy index (SAI) and compressive strength of concrete are all improved in the ternary GGF+FA blended mixtures. The combination of high Loss on Ignition (LOI) fly ash and GGF improved ASR mitigation performance even at a low dosage of GGF. Additionally, the combined blend of GGF and high LOI fly ash required less air-entraining agent (AEA) to achieve the same air content in concrete than the binary fly ash mixture. This reduction in air content would help increase the resistance to freezing and thawing cycles, and at the same time, it did not significantly affect the compressive strength since smaller amounts of AEA was added.Similar improvements were obtained for the geopolymer based on the combined blend of GGF and FA. The inclusion of GGF in fly ash mixtures negated the need for sodium silicate (SS) solution in the activator, which is needed for fly ash-based geopolymerization. Good compressive strength was observed for GGF+FA blended geopolymer mortar using medium temperature for heat curing (60 °C or below). Eliminating the need for SS solution and the use of a moderate temperature of curing are substantial to achieve better sustainability of geopolymer.From the FDR studies, the results proved the effectiveness of using GGF with fly ash to replace cement either partially when used as a pozzolan in cement-based stabilization or fully when used as precursors for geopolymer-based stabilization. Additionally, the tested stabilized base materials have passed the durability testing of wetting and drying and freezing and thawing.Finally, this study helps reduce the environmental burdens of the ash that has long stored in ash ponds and promotes its use in concrete to reduce the use of cement and the associated carbon emissions. The use of GGF along with fly ash is an excellent option to alleviate the declining supplies of fly ash and to enhance the durability performance of fly ash-containing concrete mixtures.
590 $a School code: 0050.
650 4 $a Civil engineering. $3 860360
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650 4 $a Manufacturing. $3 3389707
650 4 $a Concrete. $3 666349
650 4 $a Asphalt pavements. $3 3564809
650 4 $a Environmental impact. $3 3564810
650 4 $a Fly ash. $3 863019
650 4 $a Energy resources. $3 3561090
650 4 $a Hydration. $3 738666
650 4 $a Test methods. $3 3564811
650 4 $a Industrial plant emissions. $3 3564812
650 4 $a Moisture content. $3 3564813
650 4 $a Power plants. $3 3564814
650 4 $a By products. $3 3564729
650 4 $a Raw materials. $3 648907
650 4 $a Boilers. $3 3564815
650 4 $a Research methodology. $3 3559994
650 4 $a Tensile strength. $3 3564816
650 4 $a Permeability. $3 915594
650 4 $a Particle size. $3 3564817
650 4 $a Ponds. $3 3564818
650 4 $a Cement. $3 862625
650 4 $a Physical properties. $3 3564184
650 4 $a Coal. $3 671197
653 $a Cement modified recycled base
653 $a Full depth reclamation
653 $a Geopolymer concrete
653 $a Ground glass fibers
653 $a Off-spec fly ash
653 $a Rapid migration test
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