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Exploring the Effects of Rapid Land-...

Cardenal, Elizabeth Christine.

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Exploring the Effects of Rapid Land-Use Changes on the Piedmont Landscape Using Plant Microfossils and Legacy Sediment.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Exploring the Effects of Rapid Land-Use Changes on the Piedmont Landscape Using Plant Microfossils and Legacy Sediment./
Author:	Cardenal, Elizabeth Christine.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2020,
Description:	144 p.
Notes:	Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 82-05.
Contained By:	Masters Abstracts International82-05.
Subject:	Natural resource management. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28122783
ISBN:	9798664737554

Exploring the Effects of Rapid Land-Use Changes on the Piedmont Landscape Using Plant Microfossils and Legacy Sediment.
Cardenal, Elizabeth Christine.

Exploring the Effects of Rapid Land-Use Changes on the Piedmont Landscape Using Plant Microfossils and Legacy Sediment. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2020 - 144 p.

Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 82-05.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--North Carolina State University, 2020.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Anthropogenic disturbances to vegetation communities alters interactions between geochemical, hydrological, geomorphic and biologic systems and has consequences at local, regional and global scales. Landscape change in the Piedmont of North Carolina due to colonization caused drastic increases in sediment budgets and has made forest transitions and responses to disturbances difficult to model. The sediments produced from regional deforestation and erosive land use practices are an important archive for understanding vegetation shifts during regional landscape transformations. The lack of available paleobotanical data specific to the North Carolina Piedmont has prevented understandings of the magnitude and extent of vegetation transformations after European settlement. Phytoliths, bio-opal secretions, are a taxonomically diagnostic paleoenvironmental tool for vegetation reconstruction at local and regional scales and are preserved in relict and modern soils. The purpose of this study was to understand the changes in vegetation structure and composition brought on during landscape alterations over the last ~1000 years. Anthropogenic or legacy sediments were systematically sampled from William B. Umstead and Raven Rock State Parks in Wake and Harnett counties, respectively. Stratigraphic boundaries were used to identify separate legacy deposits as Pre-Settlement, Early Post-Settlement, Late Post-Settlement and Modern in origin. These deposits comprised the Paleo Sample Collection and were processed for phytoliths. A Modern Reference Collection was created from extant taxa for comparison and calibration of phytolith production from endemic Piedmont species. A proxy for canopy cover (FI-t) was used to evaluate changes in habitat openness and a novel region-specific environmental index (C/P) was constructed to understand the transitions between Coastal Plain and Piedmont ecoregions. The primary findings of this study were that: 1) decreases in canopy cover corresponded to regional deforestation associated with European settlement, followed by forest structure rebound at the sampled localities to within ~6% of Pre-Settlement values; 2) increases in Coastal Plain taxa corresponded to Post-Settlement disturbances where sampled localities are ~12% higher in Coastal Plain taxa than Pre-Settlement values; 3) the sampled localities represent a transitional zone within the Piedmont ecoregion, where the composition of modern Piedmont forests are 48% Coastal Plain taxa. This work has implications for outlining the boundaries of dynamic equilibria for Piedmont forests at the regional scale as well as monitoring and informing ecosystem management approaches to forest resilience.

ISBN: 9798664737554Subjects--Topical Terms:

589570
Natural resource management.
Subjects--Index Terms:

vegetation changes

Exploring the Effects of Rapid Land-Use Changes on the Piedmont Landscape Using Plant Microfossils and Legacy Sediment.
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500 $a Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 82-05.
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502 $a Thesis (M.Sc.)--North Carolina State University, 2020.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a Anthropogenic disturbances to vegetation communities alters interactions between geochemical, hydrological, geomorphic and biologic systems and has consequences at local, regional and global scales. Landscape change in the Piedmont of North Carolina due to colonization caused drastic increases in sediment budgets and has made forest transitions and responses to disturbances difficult to model. The sediments produced from regional deforestation and erosive land use practices are an important archive for understanding vegetation shifts during regional landscape transformations. The lack of available paleobotanical data specific to the North Carolina Piedmont has prevented understandings of the magnitude and extent of vegetation transformations after European settlement. Phytoliths, bio-opal secretions, are a taxonomically diagnostic paleoenvironmental tool for vegetation reconstruction at local and regional scales and are preserved in relict and modern soils. The purpose of this study was to understand the changes in vegetation structure and composition brought on during landscape alterations over the last ~1000 years. Anthropogenic or legacy sediments were systematically sampled from William B. Umstead and Raven Rock State Parks in Wake and Harnett counties, respectively. Stratigraphic boundaries were used to identify separate legacy deposits as Pre-Settlement, Early Post-Settlement, Late Post-Settlement and Modern in origin. These deposits comprised the Paleo Sample Collection and were processed for phytoliths. A Modern Reference Collection was created from extant taxa for comparison and calibration of phytolith production from endemic Piedmont species. A proxy for canopy cover (FI-t) was used to evaluate changes in habitat openness and a novel region-specific environmental index (C/P) was constructed to understand the transitions between Coastal Plain and Piedmont ecoregions. The primary findings of this study were that: 1) decreases in canopy cover corresponded to regional deforestation associated with European settlement, followed by forest structure rebound at the sampled localities to within ~6% of Pre-Settlement values; 2) increases in Coastal Plain taxa corresponded to Post-Settlement disturbances where sampled localities are ~12% higher in Coastal Plain taxa than Pre-Settlement values; 3) the sampled localities represent a transitional zone within the Piedmont ecoregion, where the composition of modern Piedmont forests are 48% Coastal Plain taxa. This work has implications for outlining the boundaries of dynamic equilibria for Piedmont forests at the regional scale as well as monitoring and informing ecosystem management approaches to forest resilience.
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