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Essays on Political Economy in the A...

Levy, Ro'ee.

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Essays on Political Economy in the Age of Digital Media.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Essays on Political Economy in the Age of Digital Media./
Author:	Levy, Ro'ee.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2020,
Description:	215 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-12, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International82-12A.
Subject:	Mass communications. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=27744259
ISBN:	9798516921513

Essays on Political Economy in the Age of Digital Media.
Levy, Ro'ee.

Essays on Political Economy in the Age of Digital Media. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2020 - 215 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-12, Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Yale University, 2020.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Social media has affected the news people are exposed to, the opinions individuals share with one another, and even the goals of social movements. How do these changes shape opinions and social norms? In my dissertation, I answer these questions in two settings. In the first chapter, I focus on exposure to liberal and conservative news outlets on Facebook and conduct a field experiment to estimate the effects of such exposure on news consumption and political attitudes. In the second chapter, I study the effect of the MeToo movement, which was especially prominent on social media, on reporting sexual crimes to the police.Chapter 1: "Social Media, News Consumption, and Polarization: Evidence from a Field Experiment":Does social media increase the consumption of ideologically congruent news and exacerbate polarization? I estimate the effects of social media news exposure by conducting a large field experiment randomly offering participants subscriptions to conservative or liberal news outlets on Facebook. I collect data on the causal chain of media effects: subscriptions to outlets, exposure to news on Facebook, visits to online news sites and sharing of posts, as well as changes in political opinions and attitudes. Four main findings emerge. First, random variation in exposure to news on social media substantially affects the news sites individuals visit. Second, exposure to counter-attitudinal news decreases negative attitudes toward the opposing political party. Third, in contrast to the effect on attitudes, I find no evidence that the political leaning of news outlets affects political opinions. Fourth, Facebook's algorithm is less likely to supply individuals with posts from counter-attitudinal outlets, conditional on individuals subscribing to them (a "ﬁlter bubble"). Together, these results suggest that social media algorithms are increasing polarization by limiting exposure to counter-attitudinal news.Chapter 2: "The Effects of Social Movements: Evidence from #MeToo" (Joint with Martin Mattsson):Social movements are associated with large societal changes, but evidence on their causal effects is limited. We study the effect of the MeToo movement on a high stakes personal decision-reporting a sexual crime to the police. We construct a new dataset of sexual and non-sexual crimes in 30 OECD countries, covering 88 percent of the OECD population. We analyze the effect of the MeToo movement by employing a triple difference strategy over time, across countries, and between crime types. The movement increased reporting of sexual crimes by 13 percent during its first six months. The effect is persistent and lasts at least 15 months. We attribute the effect to a change in social norms because we find a strong effect on reporting before any major changes to laws or policy took place. Using more detailed US data, we show that the movement also increased arrests for sexual crimes in the long-run. In contrast to a common criticism of the movement, we do not find evidence for large differences in the effect across racial and socioeconomic groups. Our results suggest that social movements can rapidly change high stakes personal decisions.

ISBN: 9798516921513Subjects--Topical Terms:

3422380
Mass communications.
Subjects--Index Terms:

#MeToo

Essays on Political Economy in the Age of Digital Media.
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500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-12, Section: A.
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506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
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520 $a Social media has affected the news people are exposed to, the opinions individuals share with one another, and even the goals of social movements. How do these changes shape opinions and social norms? In my dissertation, I answer these questions in two settings. In the first chapter, I focus on exposure to liberal and conservative news outlets on Facebook and conduct a field experiment to estimate the effects of such exposure on news consumption and political attitudes. In the second chapter, I study the effect of the MeToo movement, which was especially prominent on social media, on reporting sexual crimes to the police.Chapter 1: "Social Media, News Consumption, and Polarization: Evidence from a Field Experiment":Does social media increase the consumption of ideologically congruent news and exacerbate polarization? I estimate the effects of social media news exposure by conducting a large field experiment randomly offering participants subscriptions to conservative or liberal news outlets on Facebook. I collect data on the causal chain of media effects: subscriptions to outlets, exposure to news on Facebook, visits to online news sites and sharing of posts, as well as changes in political opinions and attitudes. Four main findings emerge. First, random variation in exposure to news on social media substantially affects the news sites individuals visit. Second, exposure to counter-attitudinal news decreases negative attitudes toward the opposing political party. Third, in contrast to the effect on attitudes, I find no evidence that the political leaning of news outlets affects political opinions. Fourth, Facebook's algorithm is less likely to supply individuals with posts from counter-attitudinal outlets, conditional on individuals subscribing to them (a "ﬁlter bubble"). Together, these results suggest that social media algorithms are increasing polarization by limiting exposure to counter-attitudinal news.Chapter 2: "The Effects of Social Movements: Evidence from #MeToo" (Joint with Martin Mattsson):Social movements are associated with large societal changes, but evidence on their causal effects is limited. We study the effect of the MeToo movement on a high stakes personal decision-reporting a sexual crime to the police. We construct a new dataset of sexual and non-sexual crimes in 30 OECD countries, covering 88 percent of the OECD population. We analyze the effect of the MeToo movement by employing a triple difference strategy over time, across countries, and between crime types. The movement increased reporting of sexual crimes by 13 percent during its first six months. The effect is persistent and lasts at least 15 months. We attribute the effect to a change in social norms because we find a strong effect on reporting before any major changes to laws or policy took place. Using more detailed US data, we show that the movement also increased arrests for sexual crimes in the long-run. In contrast to a common criticism of the movement, we do not find evidence for large differences in the effect across racial and socioeconomic groups. Our results suggest that social movements can rapidly change high stakes personal decisions.
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