東華大學圖書館 |

Effects of Exercise Training on Adolescent Cardiometabolic Health and Performance.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Effects of Exercise Training on Adolescent Cardiometabolic Health and Performance./
作者:	Dring, Karah Jade.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2020,
面頁冊數:	236 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-02, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International82-02B.
標題:	Physiology. -
電子資源:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28096926
ISBN:	9798662489653

Effects of Exercise Training on Adolescent Cardiometabolic Health and Performance.
Dring, Karah Jade.

Effects of Exercise Training on Adolescent Cardiometabolic Health and Performance. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2020 - 236 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-02, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Nottingham Trent University (United Kingdom), 2020.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

The studies described in this thesis were undertaken to examine the effect of physical fitness, adiposity and acute bouts of ecologically valid exercise on risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases in adolescents. Specifically, the relationship between physical fitness (measured as performance on the multi-stage fitness test (MSFT), the blood lactate response to submaximal exercise and V̇ O2 peak) and adiposity with traditional (insulin sensitivity and blood pressure) and novel (pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine concentration) risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases during adolescence was examined. In addition, a series of studies was undertaken to examine the inflammatory, glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to acute bouts of games-based activity (60 min of basketball) and high intensity intermittent exercise in adolescents. The effect of differing exercise durations (30 vs. 60 min) on the glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to intermittent activity was also examined (Chapter VI). Finally, the effect of continuous training versus remaining inactive on performance on physical capacity tests, V̇ O2 peak, adiposity and risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases was examined in adolescents across a 2-year follow-up.Throughout the present thesis a comprehensive panel of inflammatory cytokines (including IL1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α) and C-reactive protein was measured alongside blood glucose and plasma insulin concentration. For the epidemiological studies presented in Chapters Ⅳ and ⅤII the inflammatory cytokines measured were an indication of low-grade chronic inflammation in the adolescents, whilst the blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were used to calculate the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). In contrast, in Chapters V and Ⅵ, the measurement of pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, TNF-α and CRP) and antiinflammatory (IL-6 and IL-10) cytokines, blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were used to examine the inflammatory, glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to acute bouts of games-based and high intensity intermittent activity.The first experimental study (Chapter Ⅳ) examined the effect of performance on the MSFT, V̇ O2 peak and adiposity on risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases in adolescents. Following ethical approval, 121 adolescents (10 - 12 years) were recruited from local secondary schools and sports clubs. Risk factors for cardiometabolic disease (inflammatory cytokines, blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations) were determined from a fasted capillary blood sample. Participants were separated into quartiles based upon distance run during the MSFT, the blood lactate response to submaximal exercise, V̇ O2 peak, and sum of four skinfolds. Data were analysed using two-way between-subjects ANCOVA and multiple linear regression. Participants with the lowest performance on the MSFT had higher blood concentrations of IL6 (3.25 ± 0.25 pg.mL-1 ) and IL-1β (4.78 ± 0.54 pg.mL-1) and lower concentrations of IL-10 (1.80 ± 0.27 pg.mL-1) when compared with all other quartiles (all p < 0.05). Yet, when categorised into V̇ O2 peak quartiles no differences existed for any of the inflammatory mediators (all p > 0.05). Adiposity was the only predictor of plasma insulin concentration (β = 0.515; p < 0.001) and blood pressure (diastolic β = 0.259; p = 0.042; mean arterial pressure β = 0.322; p = 0.011). In conclusion, performance on the MSFT, but not V̇ O2 peak, was associated with a favourable inflammatory profile in adolescents; whilst adiposity was adversely associated plasma insulin, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure. These findings demonstrate that enhanced performance on the MSFT and maintenance of a healthy body composition attenuate the presence of risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases in adolescents.The second experimental chapter (Ⅴ) aimed to investigate the inflammatory, glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to an acute bout of ecologically valid games-based activity in adolescents. Thirty-nine school children aged 11 - 13 years were recruited to the present study and completed exercise (E) and rested (R) trial in a counterbalanced, randomised crossover design. Following a standardised breakfast, participants completed 1 h games‐based activity (basketball). Capillary blood samples were taken at baseline, immediately and 1 h post‐exercise and 30, 60 and 120 min following a standardised lunch. A final fasted capillary blood sample was taken the next morning. Data were analysed using repeated measures ANOVA. IL‐6 concentration was higher on day one of the exercise trial (E 3.4 ± 0.4: R 2.7 ± 0.4 pg.mL−1; p = 0.006), as was the anti‐inflammatory IL‐6: TNF‐α ratio (E 5.53 ± 0.93: R 3.75 ± 0.45; p = 0.027). Anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 increased on day two of the exercise trial (E 2.11 ± 0.23: R 1.66 ± 0.16 pg.mL−1; p = 0.032). Insulin sensitivity was also enhanced on the exercise trial with a reduction in postprandial plasma insulin iAUC (E 2310 ± 834: R 3122 ± 1443 mU.L −1 x120 min; p < 0.001). Such findings suggest that games‐based activity is an ecologically valid mode of exercise to elicit beneficial effects on risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases in adolescents.The third experimental chapter (Ⅵ) examined the effects of differing durations (30 min vs. 60 min) of high intensity intermittent activity on postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses in adolescents. Thirty-one participants (13.6 ± 0.49 years) were recruited and completed a 30 min exercise trial, 60 min exercise trial and. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest).

ISBN: 9798662489653Subjects--Topical Terms:

518431
Physiology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Adolescents

Effects of Exercise Training on Adolescent Cardiometabolic Health and Performance.
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The effect of differing exercise durations (30 vs. 60 min) on the glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to intermittent activity was also examined (Chapter VI). Finally, the effect of continuous training versus remaining inactive on performance on physical capacity tests, V̇ O2 peak, adiposity and risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases was examined in adolescents across a 2-year follow-up.Throughout the present thesis a comprehensive panel of inflammatory cytokines (including IL1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α) and C-reactive protein was measured alongside blood glucose and plasma insulin concentration. For the epidemiological studies presented in Chapters Ⅳ and ⅤII the inflammatory cytokines measured were an indication of low-grade chronic inflammation in the adolescents, whilst the blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were used to calculate the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). In contrast, in Chapters V and Ⅵ, the measurement of pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, TNF-α and CRP) and antiinflammatory (IL-6 and IL-10) cytokines, blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were used to examine the inflammatory, glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to acute bouts of games-based and high intensity intermittent activity.The first experimental study (Chapter Ⅳ) examined the effect of performance on the MSFT, V̇ O2 peak and adiposity on risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases in adolescents. Following ethical approval, 121 adolescents (10 - 12 years) were recruited from local secondary schools and sports clubs. Risk factors for cardiometabolic disease (inflammatory cytokines, blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations) were determined from a fasted capillary blood sample. Participants were separated into quartiles based upon distance run during the MSFT, the blood lactate response to submaximal exercise, V̇ O2 peak, and sum of four skinfolds. Data were analysed using two-way between-subjects ANCOVA and multiple linear regression. Participants with the lowest performance on the MSFT had higher blood concentrations of IL6 (3.25 ± 0.25 pg.mL-1 ) and IL-1β (4.78 ± 0.54 pg.mL-1) and lower concentrations of IL-10 (1.80 ± 0.27 pg.mL-1) when compared with all other quartiles (all p < 0.05). Yet, when categorised into V̇ O2 peak quartiles no differences existed for any of the inflammatory mediators (all p > 0.05). Adiposity was the only predictor of plasma insulin concentration (β = 0.515; p < 0.001) and blood pressure (diastolic β = 0.259; p = 0.042; mean arterial pressure β = 0.322; p = 0.011). In conclusion, performance on the MSFT, but not V̇ O2 peak, was associated with a favourable inflammatory profile in adolescents; whilst adiposity was adversely associated plasma insulin, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure. These findings demonstrate that enhanced performance on the MSFT and maintenance of a healthy body composition attenuate the presence of risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases in adolescents.The second experimental chapter (Ⅴ) aimed to investigate the inflammatory, glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to an acute bout of ecologically valid games-based activity in adolescents. Thirty-nine school children aged 11 - 13 years were recruited to the present study and completed exercise (E) and rested (R) trial in a counterbalanced, randomised crossover design. Following a standardised breakfast, participants completed 1 h games‐based activity (basketball). Capillary blood samples were taken at baseline, immediately and 1 h post‐exercise and 30, 60 and 120 min following a standardised lunch. A final fasted capillary blood sample was taken the next morning. Data were analysed using repeated measures ANOVA. IL‐6 concentration was higher on day one of the exercise trial (E 3.4 ± 0.4: R 2.7 ± 0.4 pg.mL−1; p = 0.006), as was the anti‐inflammatory IL‐6: TNF‐α ratio (E 5.53 ± 0.93: R 3.75 ± 0.45; p = 0.027). Anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 increased on day two of the exercise trial (E 2.11 ± 0.23: R 1.66 ± 0.16 pg.mL−1; p = 0.032). Insulin sensitivity was also enhanced on the exercise trial with a reduction in postprandial plasma insulin iAUC (E 2310 ± 834: R 3122 ± 1443 mU.L −1 x120 min; p < 0.001). Such findings suggest that games‐based activity is an ecologically valid mode of exercise to elicit beneficial effects on risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases in adolescents.The third experimental chapter (Ⅵ) examined the effects of differing durations (30 min vs. 60 min) of high intensity intermittent activity on postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses in adolescents. Thirty-one participants (13.6 ± 0.49 years) were recruited and completed a 30 min exercise trial, 60 min exercise trial and. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest).
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