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Opportunities and Challenges for Sil...

Mayerfeld, Diane.

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Opportunities and Challenges for Silvopasture in Wisconsin.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Opportunities and Challenges for Silvopasture in Wisconsin./
Author:	Mayerfeld, Diane.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2020,
Description:	163 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-01, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International82-01B.
Subject:	Agriculture. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28000136
ISBN:	9798635203507

Opportunities and Challenges for Silvopasture in Wisconsin.
Mayerfeld, Diane.

Opportunities and Challenges for Silvopasture in Wisconsin. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2020 - 163 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-01, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2020.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

This dissertation consists of three proposed articles and one published article addressing issues related to the opportunities and challenges for silvopasture in Wisconsin. Silvopasture, the intentional, intensively managed integration of trees with grazing, has the potential to provide livestock and forest products along with a range of supporting, cultural, and regulating ecosystem services. Grazing of farm woodlands is common in the upper Midwest, USA, but little silvopasture research is available to inform farmer practices. Woodland grazing has been taboo since the 1960s among resource professionals due to its historically negative impacts. The overall question guiding my transdisciplinary dissertation was "Can silvopasture benefit Wisconsin's farmers and environment?"Chapter 2 describes the thoughts and concerns of farmers, agricultural advisors, and foresters in southwestern Wisconsin in 2014 about grazing of woodlands and about silvopasture. Although resource professionals were reluctant to endorse livestock access to woodlands, they were cautiously interested in exploring silvopasture as a means to improve animal welfare and the management of grazing in wooded areas, and as a management tool for savanna restoration. Foresters, agricultural professionals, and farmers identified similar potential benefits and concerns associated with silvopasture, and requested better information on establishment, economics, and best management practices for silvopasture in the Midwest. Chapter 3 examines the welfare benefits to grazing cattle of providing access to areas shaded by trees during warm weather. The benefits of shade for cattle are well-documented in hotter regions, but in the upper Midwest where temperatures rarely exceed 33°C for extended periods of time, the value of providing animals on pasture access to shade has not been documented in the literature. Under experimental conditions we found that cows that had access to shade exhibited lower signs of heat stress than those that did not. Moreover, even on mild summer days when no cows showed any signs of heat stress, cows chose to be in the shade from morning to mid-afternoon. Forage availability in the shaded areas was low, suggesting that the cooler temperature provided by the shade was the attraction. These findings indicate that silvopasture systems offer welfare benefits to livestock, even when temperature and humidity do not reach levels that endanger animal health. Chapter 4 investigates the impacts of silvopasture management on soil quality and forest health. We compared soil penetration resistance, water infiltration, and tree growth in three treatments: an ungrazed control, silvopasture with periodic livestock access and forages planted in the understory, and grazed woods with periodic livestock access but no understory manipulation. Soil penetration resistance increased, and water infiltration capacity decreased in both grazed treatments relative to the ungrazed control. We saw no significant differences in tree growth between the three treatments. With limited grazing access, the impacts on soil quality remained within acceptable levels for root growth and water recharge on agricultural land, but the sensitivity of soil measures to grazing underscores the need for careful management of grazing intensity in silvopasture systems. Chapter 5 explores the evolution of attitudes toward and knowledge about silvopasture among Wisconsin farmers practicing grazing, foresters, and agricultural advisors from 2014 to 2019. All stakeholders emphasized the importance of local silvopasture research and farmer experience. Perceptions of silvopasture were influenced by recent weather history, markets for forest and agricultural products, existing land uses, and other contextual factors. Some farmers and agricultural advisors were committed to silvopasture despite obstacles to implementing the practice, and agricultural advisors increased their willingness to provide silvopasture advice to farmers and professional colleagues.

ISBN: 9798635203507Subjects--Topical Terms:

518588
Agriculture.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Agroecology

Opportunities and Challenges for Silvopasture in Wisconsin.
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500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-01, Section: B.
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520 $a This dissertation consists of three proposed articles and one published article addressing issues related to the opportunities and challenges for silvopasture in Wisconsin. Silvopasture, the intentional, intensively managed integration of trees with grazing, has the potential to provide livestock and forest products along with a range of supporting, cultural, and regulating ecosystem services. Grazing of farm woodlands is common in the upper Midwest, USA, but little silvopasture research is available to inform farmer practices. Woodland grazing has been taboo since the 1960s among resource professionals due to its historically negative impacts. The overall question guiding my transdisciplinary dissertation was "Can silvopasture benefit Wisconsin's farmers and environment?"Chapter 2 describes the thoughts and concerns of farmers, agricultural advisors, and foresters in southwestern Wisconsin in 2014 about grazing of woodlands and about silvopasture. Although resource professionals were reluctant to endorse livestock access to woodlands, they were cautiously interested in exploring silvopasture as a means to improve animal welfare and the management of grazing in wooded areas, and as a management tool for savanna restoration. Foresters, agricultural professionals, and farmers identified similar potential benefits and concerns associated with silvopasture, and requested better information on establishment, economics, and best management practices for silvopasture in the Midwest. Chapter 3 examines the welfare benefits to grazing cattle of providing access to areas shaded by trees during warm weather. The benefits of shade for cattle are well-documented in hotter regions, but in the upper Midwest where temperatures rarely exceed 33°C for extended periods of time, the value of providing animals on pasture access to shade has not been documented in the literature. Under experimental conditions we found that cows that had access to shade exhibited lower signs of heat stress than those that did not. Moreover, even on mild summer days when no cows showed any signs of heat stress, cows chose to be in the shade from morning to mid-afternoon. Forage availability in the shaded areas was low, suggesting that the cooler temperature provided by the shade was the attraction. These findings indicate that silvopasture systems offer welfare benefits to livestock, even when temperature and humidity do not reach levels that endanger animal health. Chapter 4 investigates the impacts of silvopasture management on soil quality and forest health. We compared soil penetration resistance, water infiltration, and tree growth in three treatments: an ungrazed control, silvopasture with periodic livestock access and forages planted in the understory, and grazed woods with periodic livestock access but no understory manipulation. Soil penetration resistance increased, and water infiltration capacity decreased in both grazed treatments relative to the ungrazed control. We saw no significant differences in tree growth between the three treatments. With limited grazing access, the impacts on soil quality remained within acceptable levels for root growth and water recharge on agricultural land, but the sensitivity of soil measures to grazing underscores the need for careful management of grazing intensity in silvopasture systems. Chapter 5 explores the evolution of attitudes toward and knowledge about silvopasture among Wisconsin farmers practicing grazing, foresters, and agricultural advisors from 2014 to 2019. All stakeholders emphasized the importance of local silvopasture research and farmer experience. Perceptions of silvopasture were influenced by recent weather history, markets for forest and agricultural products, existing land uses, and other contextual factors. Some farmers and agricultural advisors were committed to silvopasture despite obstacles to implementing the practice, and agricultural advisors increased their willingness to provide silvopasture advice to farmers and professional colleagues.
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