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Effects of Diurnal Changes in Acidif...

Morrell, Brooke.

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Effects of Diurnal Changes in Acidification and Hypoxia on Early-life Stage Estuarine Fishes.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Effects of Diurnal Changes in Acidification and Hypoxia on Early-life Stage Estuarine Fishes./
Author:	Morrell, Brooke.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2019,
Description:	58 p.
Notes:	Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 81-04.
Contained By:	Masters Abstracts International81-04.
Subject:	Biological oceanography. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=13887337
ISBN:	9781687962393

Effects of Diurnal Changes in Acidification and Hypoxia on Early-life Stage Estuarine Fishes.
Morrell, Brooke.

Effects of Diurnal Changes in Acidification and Hypoxia on Early-life Stage Estuarine Fishes. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2019 - 58 p.

Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 81-04.

Thesis (M.S.)--State University of New York at Stony Brook, 2019.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Estuaries serve as important nursery habitats for various species of forage fish that occupy a central role in marine food webs, supplying energy to upper trophic levels. Anthropogenic activities associated with human population growth and global climate change have increased the prevalence and intensity of eutrophication within estuaries, resulting in conditions of co-occurring acidification and hypoxia. The intensity of such low pH and low dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions can fluctuate diurnally as a function of ecosystem metabolism as well as seasonally. This study examined the effects of acidification (pH 7.2 - 7.4) and hypoxia (DO ~ 2 - 4 mg L-1) as individual and combined stressors on four fitness metrics for three species of forage fish endemic to the U.S. East Coast: Menidia menidia, Menidia beryllina, and Cyprinodon variegatus. Additionally, the impacts of various durations of exposure to these two stressors was also assessed to explore the sensitivity threshold for larval fishes under environmentally representative conditions. All three species of fish displayed some resilience to acidification with C. variegatus being the most resistant to chronic low pH and M. menidia and M. beryllina experiencing significantly reduced survival and hatch time, respectively. Exposure to hypoxia resulted in reduced hatch success of both Menidia species, as well as diminished survival of M. beryllina larvae at 10 days post hatch. Diurnal exposure to low pH and low DO for 4 or 8 h was not sufficient to negatively affect survival of M. beryllina, although 8 or 12 h of daily exposure through the 10 days post-hatch significantly depressed larval size. In contrast, M. menidia experienced significant declines in survival for all intervals of diel cycling (4 - 12 h). Exposure to 12-hr diurnal hypoxia generally elicited negative effects equal to, or of greater severity, than chronic exposure to low DO at the same levels despite significantly higher mean DO concentrations. This finding suggests the existence of a significant biological cost to adapting to changing DO levels and implicates diurnal cycling of DO as a significant threat to fish larvae in estuaries. Larval responses to hypoxia, and to a lesser extent acidification, in this study on both continuous and diurnal timescales indicate that estuarine conditions throughout the spawning and critical periods could adversely affect stocks of these fish, with diverse implications for the remainder of the food web.

ISBN: 9781687962393Subjects--Topical Terms:

2122748
Biological oceanography.
Subjects--Index Terms:

acidification

Effects of Diurnal Changes in Acidification and Hypoxia on Early-life Stage Estuarine Fishes.
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520 $a Estuaries serve as important nursery habitats for various species of forage fish that occupy a central role in marine food webs, supplying energy to upper trophic levels. Anthropogenic activities associated with human population growth and global climate change have increased the prevalence and intensity of eutrophication within estuaries, resulting in conditions of co-occurring acidification and hypoxia. The intensity of such low pH and low dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions can fluctuate diurnally as a function of ecosystem metabolism as well as seasonally. This study examined the effects of acidification (pH 7.2 - 7.4) and hypoxia (DO ~ 2 - 4 mg L-1) as individual and combined stressors on four fitness metrics for three species of forage fish endemic to the U.S. East Coast: Menidia menidia, Menidia beryllina, and Cyprinodon variegatus. Additionally, the impacts of various durations of exposure to these two stressors was also assessed to explore the sensitivity threshold for larval fishes under environmentally representative conditions. All three species of fish displayed some resilience to acidification with C. variegatus being the most resistant to chronic low pH and M. menidia and M. beryllina experiencing significantly reduced survival and hatch time, respectively. Exposure to hypoxia resulted in reduced hatch success of both Menidia species, as well as diminished survival of M. beryllina larvae at 10 days post hatch. Diurnal exposure to low pH and low DO for 4 or 8 h was not sufficient to negatively affect survival of M. beryllina, although 8 or 12 h of daily exposure through the 10 days post-hatch significantly depressed larval size. In contrast, M. menidia experienced significant declines in survival for all intervals of diel cycling (4 - 12 h). Exposure to 12-hr diurnal hypoxia generally elicited negative effects equal to, or of greater severity, than chronic exposure to low DO at the same levels despite significantly higher mean DO concentrations. This finding suggests the existence of a significant biological cost to adapting to changing DO levels and implicates diurnal cycling of DO as a significant threat to fish larvae in estuaries. Larval responses to hypoxia, and to a lesser extent acidification, in this study on both continuous and diurnal timescales indicate that estuarine conditions throughout the spawning and critical periods could adversely affect stocks of these fish, with diverse implications for the remainder of the food web.
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