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Freshwater Mussels as Ecosystem Engi...

Sansom, Brandon J.

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Freshwater Mussels as Ecosystem Engineers: Modulation of Near-Bed Hydrodynamics through Mussel-Flow Interactions.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Freshwater Mussels as Ecosystem Engineers: Modulation of Near-Bed Hydrodynamics through Mussel-Flow Interactions./
Author:	Sansom, Brandon J.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2019,
Description:	151 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-04, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International81-04B.
Subject:	Water resources management. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=13884586
ISBN:	9781085772280

Freshwater Mussels as Ecosystem Engineers: Modulation of Near-Bed Hydrodynamics through Mussel-Flow Interactions.
Sansom, Brandon J.

Freshwater Mussels as Ecosystem Engineers: Modulation of Near-Bed Hydrodynamics through Mussel-Flow Interactions. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2019 - 151 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-04, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--State University of New York at Buffalo, 2019.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Freshwater mussels are dominant ecosystem engineers in many streams throughout North America, yet they remain among the world's most imperiled species. Extensive research has quantified the ecological role of mussels in aquatic habitats, but little is known about the interaction between mussels and their surrounding physical and hydrodynamic habitat. Through combined field studies, laboratory experiments, and computational fluid dynamic modeling, this dissertation aims to better understand how the role of mussels in aquatic habitats and quantify the effects of mussels on near-bed turbulent flows. The major conclusions and contributions of this work are as follows: 1) State of the art technology is applied to study the organism-flow interaction for freshwater mussels across scales ranging from an individual mussel to a patch-mosaic. These techniques specifically enhanced the scientific understanding of a) the rate, frequency, and magnitude of filter behavior for live freshwater mussels, b) the passive interaction and influence due to increased roughness via shell material of an individual mussel on the flow dynamics around a single mussel exposed to a range of ambient flow velocities, and c) the active interaction and influence due to filter behavior of an individual mussel on the flow dynamics around a single mussel exposed to a range of ambient flow velocities; 2) Model mussels are created scaled to live freshwater mussels to accurately model the dimensions and morphology of live mussels and with the ability to accurately simulate the filter behavior. Such model mussels are critical for experimental campaigns to examine variables such as mussel density, filter rate and frequency, and orientation/exposure of mussels on surrounding flow dynamics; 3) Field surveys in two northeastern streams provide empirical evidence to support the generally accepted, but anecdotally supported hypothesis of long-term mussel persistence within the same river reach; 4) Sediment transport models provide evidence that frequent (every 1-2 years) bankfull flow events occur in which significant portions (>90%) of the streambed within mussel beds is mobilized during such bankfull flow events; 5) During summer base flows, mussels in two northeastern streams significantly increased the streambed roughness by being partially exposed in the water column. Moreover, the amount of shell exposed is controlled by a complex interaction between mussel species, river size, substrate characteristics, and shell morphology; and 6) An emergent hydrodynamic phenomenon occurs at moderate mussel densities above 25 mussels m-2 such that near-bed flow is reduced and the height of the maximum shear stress is displace to the same height of mussel shell exposure. Such information suggests that mussels are capable of engineering their environment through self-organization in ways that enhance their long-term survival.

ISBN: 9781085772280Subjects--Topical Terms:

794747
Water resources management.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Freshwater mussels

Freshwater Mussels as Ecosystem Engineers: Modulation of Near-Bed Hydrodynamics through Mussel-Flow Interactions.
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300 $a 151 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-04, Section: B.
500 $a Advisor: Atkinson, Joseph F.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--State University of New York at Buffalo, 2019.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a Freshwater mussels are dominant ecosystem engineers in many streams throughout North America, yet they remain among the world's most imperiled species. Extensive research has quantified the ecological role of mussels in aquatic habitats, but little is known about the interaction between mussels and their surrounding physical and hydrodynamic habitat. Through combined field studies, laboratory experiments, and computational fluid dynamic modeling, this dissertation aims to better understand how the role of mussels in aquatic habitats and quantify the effects of mussels on near-bed turbulent flows. The major conclusions and contributions of this work are as follows: 1) State of the art technology is applied to study the organism-flow interaction for freshwater mussels across scales ranging from an individual mussel to a patch-mosaic. These techniques specifically enhanced the scientific understanding of a) the rate, frequency, and magnitude of filter behavior for live freshwater mussels, b) the passive interaction and influence due to increased roughness via shell material of an individual mussel on the flow dynamics around a single mussel exposed to a range of ambient flow velocities, and c) the active interaction and influence due to filter behavior of an individual mussel on the flow dynamics around a single mussel exposed to a range of ambient flow velocities; 2) Model mussels are created scaled to live freshwater mussels to accurately model the dimensions and morphology of live mussels and with the ability to accurately simulate the filter behavior. Such model mussels are critical for experimental campaigns to examine variables such as mussel density, filter rate and frequency, and orientation/exposure of mussels on surrounding flow dynamics; 3) Field surveys in two northeastern streams provide empirical evidence to support the generally accepted, but anecdotally supported hypothesis of long-term mussel persistence within the same river reach; 4) Sediment transport models provide evidence that frequent (every 1-2 years) bankfull flow events occur in which significant portions (>90%) of the streambed within mussel beds is mobilized during such bankfull flow events; 5) During summer base flows, mussels in two northeastern streams significantly increased the streambed roughness by being partially exposed in the water column. Moreover, the amount of shell exposed is controlled by a complex interaction between mussel species, river size, substrate characteristics, and shell morphology; and 6) An emergent hydrodynamic phenomenon occurs at moderate mussel densities above 25 mussels m-2 such that near-bed flow is reduced and the height of the maximum shear stress is displace to the same height of mussel shell exposure. Such information suggests that mussels are capable of engineering their environment through self-organization in ways that enhance their long-term survival.
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650 4 $a Environmental engineering. $3 548583
650 4 $a Ecology. $3 516476
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653 $a Mussel burrows
653 $a Northeastern streams
690 $a 0595
690 $a 0775
690 $a 0329
710 2 $a State University of New York at Buffalo. $b Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering. $3 1023703
773 0 $t Dissertations Abstracts International $g 81-04B.
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793 $a English
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