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Integration of Unmanned Aerial Vehic...

Hunter, Joseph Earl, III.

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Integration of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for Remote-Sensing and Spray Applications for Weed Management.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Integration of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for Remote-Sensing and Spray Applications for Weed Management./
Author:	Hunter, Joseph Earl, III.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2019,
Description:	85 p.
Notes:	Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 81-03.
Contained By:	Masters Abstracts International81-03.
Subject:	Agriculture. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=27528218
ISBN:	9781085644167

Integration of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for Remote-Sensing and Spray Applications for Weed Management.
Hunter, Joseph Earl, III.

Integration of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for Remote-Sensing and Spray Applications for Weed Management. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2019 - 85 p.

Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 81-03.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--North Carolina State University, 2019.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

The common characteristic of weeds of having patchy spatial distributions provides the opportunity for site-specific management. Site-specific weed management has been proven to be a viable alternative to reduce broadcast weed control and consequently decreasing herbicide usage and improving environmental quality. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) offer a new management platform that can account for spatial variability in weed populations to conduct sitespecific management. UAVs can be used to collect imagery for monitoring and decision-making purposes as well as to conduct aerial pesticide applications. In recent times, UAVs have become commercially available for both agricultural implications. Limited research has been conducted concerning aerial pesticide applications from UAVs. Two independent field studies were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of integrating UAVs for weed mapping and spraying (UAVIS) and to optimize UAV application parameters and assess the influence of nozzle type on the potential for off-target movement.In the first study, field experiments were conducted to characterize the effect of 1, 3, 5, and 7 m s-1 application speeds using extended range flat spray, air induction flat spray, and turbo air induction flat spray nozzles on spray coverage and uniformity of UAV applications. Experiments measuring the drift potential of UAV applications using extended range flat spray, air induction flat spray, turbo air induction flat spray, and hollow cone nozzles under 0, 2.24, 4.47, 6.71, and 8.94 m s-1 perpendicular wind conditions in the immediate 1.75 m above the target were also conducted. The average coverage achieved at an application speed of 1 m s-1 was 45%, while an application speed of 7 m s-1 averaged 18% coverage. Coverage consistently decreased as application speed increased across all nozzles. Off-target movement was observed under all perpendicular wind conditions across all nozzles but was non-detectable over 5 m from the target. Coverage from all nozzles exhibited a concave shaped curve in response to perpendicular wind speed due to turbulence. The highest achieved coverages in the drift studies were under both 0 and 8.94 m s-1 perpendicular wind conditions, but higher turbulence at the two highest perpendicular wind speeds (6.71 and 8.94 m s-1,) increased coverage variability while the lowest variability was observed at 2.24 m s-1.In the second study, glufosinate was applied at a rate of 594 g ai ha-1 in 151 L ha-1 and 187 L ha-1 for UAV and ground-based broadcast treatments in four experiments over two locations. Locations differed in weed population coverage, which affected application efficiency and efficacy. The UAV system was up to 200% more efficient at identifying and treating weedy areas, while minimizing treatment on non-weedy areas, than the broadcast application. The UAV system treated 20-60% less area per experimental unit than ground-based broadcast applications, but also missed up 26% of the weedy area, while broadcast applications covering almost the entire experimental unit only missed 2-3%. The benefit of the UAV-IS avoiding unnecessary application of non-weedy areas compensated for the small portion of weeds that were missed, while the advantage of the broadcast application of treating all weedy areas was minimized by the wasteful amount of herbicide that was applied to weed-free areas. Visual estimates of weed control showed UAV treatments were 12% and 25% higher than broadcast treatments at 14 and 28 DAT when treating highly aggregated weed populations, but 15% lower at both 14 and 28 DAT when treating higher populations with a more uniform distribution.The rate of advancement has exceeded the rate of adoption and implementation of UAV technologies. At this point, UAVs offer the capability to complement existing, instead of replacing weed control technologies. Research generated in the present study will be used to further develop UAVs for agricultural operations and improve weed management strategies to maximize efficiency.

ISBN: 9781085644167Subjects--Topical Terms:

518588
Agriculture.

Integration of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for Remote-Sensing and Spray Applications for Weed Management.
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520 $a The common characteristic of weeds of having patchy spatial distributions provides the opportunity for site-specific management. Site-specific weed management has been proven to be a viable alternative to reduce broadcast weed control and consequently decreasing herbicide usage and improving environmental quality. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) offer a new management platform that can account for spatial variability in weed populations to conduct sitespecific management. UAVs can be used to collect imagery for monitoring and decision-making purposes as well as to conduct aerial pesticide applications. In recent times, UAVs have become commercially available for both agricultural implications. Limited research has been conducted concerning aerial pesticide applications from UAVs. Two independent field studies were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of integrating UAVs for weed mapping and spraying (UAVIS) and to optimize UAV application parameters and assess the influence of nozzle type on the potential for off-target movement.In the first study, field experiments were conducted to characterize the effect of 1, 3, 5, and 7 m s-1 application speeds using extended range flat spray, air induction flat spray, and turbo air induction flat spray nozzles on spray coverage and uniformity of UAV applications. Experiments measuring the drift potential of UAV applications using extended range flat spray, air induction flat spray, turbo air induction flat spray, and hollow cone nozzles under 0, 2.24, 4.47, 6.71, and 8.94 m s-1 perpendicular wind conditions in the immediate 1.75 m above the target were also conducted. The average coverage achieved at an application speed of 1 m s-1 was 45%, while an application speed of 7 m s-1 averaged 18% coverage. Coverage consistently decreased as application speed increased across all nozzles. Off-target movement was observed under all perpendicular wind conditions across all nozzles but was non-detectable over 5 m from the target. Coverage from all nozzles exhibited a concave shaped curve in response to perpendicular wind speed due to turbulence. The highest achieved coverages in the drift studies were under both 0 and 8.94 m s-1 perpendicular wind conditions, but higher turbulence at the two highest perpendicular wind speeds (6.71 and 8.94 m s-1,) increased coverage variability while the lowest variability was observed at 2.24 m s-1.In the second study, glufosinate was applied at a rate of 594 g ai ha-1 in 151 L ha-1 and 187 L ha-1 for UAV and ground-based broadcast treatments in four experiments over two locations. Locations differed in weed population coverage, which affected application efficiency and efficacy. The UAV system was up to 200% more efficient at identifying and treating weedy areas, while minimizing treatment on non-weedy areas, than the broadcast application. The UAV system treated 20-60% less area per experimental unit than ground-based broadcast applications, but also missed up 26% of the weedy area, while broadcast applications covering almost the entire experimental unit only missed 2-3%. The benefit of the UAV-IS avoiding unnecessary application of non-weedy areas compensated for the small portion of weeds that were missed, while the advantage of the broadcast application of treating all weedy areas was minimized by the wasteful amount of herbicide that was applied to weed-free areas. Visual estimates of weed control showed UAV treatments were 12% and 25% higher than broadcast treatments at 14 and 28 DAT when treating highly aggregated weed populations, but 15% lower at both 14 and 28 DAT when treating higher populations with a more uniform distribution.The rate of advancement has exceeded the rate of adoption and implementation of UAV technologies. At this point, UAVs offer the capability to complement existing, instead of replacing weed control technologies. Research generated in the present study will be used to further develop UAVs for agricultural operations and improve weed management strategies to maximize efficiency.
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