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Impossible Indochina: Obstacles, Pro...

Schouteden, Olivier.

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Impossible Indochina: Obstacles, Problems, and Failures of French Colonial Exloration in Southeast Asia, 1862-1914.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Impossible Indochina: Obstacles, Problems, and Failures of French Colonial Exloration in Southeast Asia, 1862-1914./
Author:	Schouteden, Olivier.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2018,
Description:	419 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 80-07, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International80-07A.
Subject:	Southeast Asian studies. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=13420423
ISBN:	9780438744196

Impossible Indochina: Obstacles, Problems, and Failures of French Colonial Exloration in Southeast Asia, 1862-1914.
Schouteden, Olivier.

Impossible Indochina: Obstacles, Problems, and Failures of French Colonial Exloration in Southeast Asia, 1862-1914. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2018 - 419 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 80-07, Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Northeastern University, 2018.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

This dissertation investigates the fragile foundations of European colonialism during the age of New Imperialism by focusing on the exploration of French Indochina from 1862 to 1914. It exposes a paradox: while these explorations were designed to ensure French control over their Southeast Asian colonial possessions, they systematically diverged from their path and often failed to meet their objectives. I contend that underlying tensions, uncertainty and a variable degree of failure constituted the normality of the exploration of Indochina during its heyday. These failures ranged from the inability of the explorers to meet set objectives to complete diplomatic disasters resulting in long-lasting antagonism with the local population, and at times, the brutal death of the explorer, creating an endless cycle of retaliation and a situation of permanent conflict. Moreover, I argue that the exploration of Indochina, although understudied by historians, is a unique case of tensions and conflicts between explorers and the administration as well as between the French, other imperial actors, and the inhabitants of Indochina and neighboring countries. This dissertation questions the reasons for and consequences of these failures for the French colonial endeavor in Indochina. It argues that four main factors determined these failures. First, the explorers' incompetence and inability to negotiate in remote areas, but also their intractability and refusal to be instrumentalized by their employers, as well as their personal ambitions, often undermined the interests of the colonial state. Second, the location of Indochina between the two fiercely independent states of China and Siam (Thailand), where the French and the British both had expansionist plans, exacerbated the problems between those who participated in, or were affected by explorations. Third, the distance that separated the metropole from the colonial state, and the colonial state from the expeditions made knowledge about and control over the expeditions impossible, and it confronted the actors of exploration on the spot with unexpected and unsettling experiences. Fourth, and more generally, the tensions and mutual mistrust that underscored the relationship between the various actors who participated in these expeditions led to further failures of exploratory missions. This dissertation demonstrates therefore that the exploration of Indochina, the first step toward a full-fledged colonization, was not the result of a concerted and unanimous effort between the various actors involved but a haphazard endeavor resulting from the difficult compromises and unending confrontations between the colonial authorities, the French and foreign governments, the explorers and the indigenous leaders and populations. Ultimately, the difficulties of exploration revealed the weaknesses of the colonial state and compromised the sustainability of the French imperial project in the area. Official reports and correspondences between metropolitan ministries, the colonial state and the explorers, as well as exploration diaries and private correspondences and papers, enable us to uncover the cases of misunderstanding, ruptures of communication, manipulations and conflicts between the various actors who participated, directly or indirectly, in missions of exploration.

ISBN: 9780438744196Subjects--Topical Terms:

3344898
Southeast Asian studies.

Impossible Indochina: Obstacles, Problems, and Failures of French Colonial Exloration in Southeast Asia, 1862-1914.
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500 $a Publisher info.: Dissertation/Thesis.
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520 $a This dissertation investigates the fragile foundations of European colonialism during the age of New Imperialism by focusing on the exploration of French Indochina from 1862 to 1914. It exposes a paradox: while these explorations were designed to ensure French control over their Southeast Asian colonial possessions, they systematically diverged from their path and often failed to meet their objectives. I contend that underlying tensions, uncertainty and a variable degree of failure constituted the normality of the exploration of Indochina during its heyday. These failures ranged from the inability of the explorers to meet set objectives to complete diplomatic disasters resulting in long-lasting antagonism with the local population, and at times, the brutal death of the explorer, creating an endless cycle of retaliation and a situation of permanent conflict. Moreover, I argue that the exploration of Indochina, although understudied by historians, is a unique case of tensions and conflicts between explorers and the administration as well as between the French, other imperial actors, and the inhabitants of Indochina and neighboring countries. This dissertation questions the reasons for and consequences of these failures for the French colonial endeavor in Indochina. It argues that four main factors determined these failures. First, the explorers' incompetence and inability to negotiate in remote areas, but also their intractability and refusal to be instrumentalized by their employers, as well as their personal ambitions, often undermined the interests of the colonial state. Second, the location of Indochina between the two fiercely independent states of China and Siam (Thailand), where the French and the British both had expansionist plans, exacerbated the problems between those who participated in, or were affected by explorations. Third, the distance that separated the metropole from the colonial state, and the colonial state from the expeditions made knowledge about and control over the expeditions impossible, and it confronted the actors of exploration on the spot with unexpected and unsettling experiences. Fourth, and more generally, the tensions and mutual mistrust that underscored the relationship between the various actors who participated in these expeditions led to further failures of exploratory missions. This dissertation demonstrates therefore that the exploration of Indochina, the first step toward a full-fledged colonization, was not the result of a concerted and unanimous effort between the various actors involved but a haphazard endeavor resulting from the difficult compromises and unending confrontations between the colonial authorities, the French and foreign governments, the explorers and the indigenous leaders and populations. Ultimately, the difficulties of exploration revealed the weaknesses of the colonial state and compromised the sustainability of the French imperial project in the area. Official reports and correspondences between metropolitan ministries, the colonial state and the explorers, as well as exploration diaries and private correspondences and papers, enable us to uncover the cases of misunderstanding, ruptures of communication, manipulations and conflicts between the various actors who participated, directly or indirectly, in missions of exploration.
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