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Coca Nation: Labor, Indigeneity, and...

Ehrinpreis, Andrew B.

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Coca Nation: Labor, Indigeneity, and the Politics of the Coca Leaf in Bolivia, 1900-1962.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Coca Nation: Labor, Indigeneity, and the Politics of the Coca Leaf in Bolivia, 1900-1962./
Author:	Ehrinpreis, Andrew B.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2018,
Description:	301 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 80-06, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International80-06A.
Subject:	Latin American history. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10930224
ISBN:	9780438708105

Coca Nation: Labor, Indigeneity, and the Politics of the Coca Leaf in Bolivia, 1900-1962.
Ehrinpreis, Andrew B.

Coca Nation: Labor, Indigeneity, and the Politics of the Coca Leaf in Bolivia, 1900-1962. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2018 - 301 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 80-06, Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--State University of New York at Stony Brook, 2018.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

This dissertation examines dramatic changes in the politics of Bolivia's "national" coca leaf from 1900 to the early 1960s. Focusing on coca's historically integral relationship to indigenous labor in Bolivia, this study utilizes coca politics as a lens through which to analyze contestation over the nature and meanings of indigeneity, labor, "drugs," mestizaje, and, ultimately, Bolivian nationalism. From 1900-1935, the political-economy and public discourse of coca were dominated by Creole elites, who valued the Bolivian leaf for its profitability, and for its perceived utility as a stimulant of Indian labor, but also for hegemonic value of coca as a material cultural marker of neo-feudal Indian caste. Ostensibly assimilationist Creoles of the early twentieth century saw in coca not a cause of the "Indian problem" but a solution. By contrast, although before the Chaco War (1932-35) Bolivian coca chewing was by and large exclusive to Indians, indigenous Bolivians of the era did not politicize the leaf. This study examines and explains these related paradoxes. By the 1960s-70s, Bolivian elites were firmly opposed to traditional coca culture, yet by then the leaf was chewed by tens of thousands of mestizos. Once a mainstay of a Liberal neo-colonial ethnic caste system, the Bolivian leaf had become a potent symbol of both working class identity and Indianist ethno-nationalism. This study identifies this distinctive historical dynamic-the decline of Creole "coca nationalism" and the simultaneous rise of working-class and Indianist coca nationalism-as a "double arc." The study locates the fulcrum of the double arc in the Chaco War of 1932-35. Drawing upon archival sources and the oral histories of Chaco War veterans, Chapter Three shows that the Bolivian Army supplied coca leaves systematically to its soldiers, Indians and mestizos alike. In the wake of that nationally disastrous conflict, a new generation of reformist Creoles began to view coca as an impediment to the assimilation of the indigenous population. The MNR Revolution of 1952, with its top-down assimilationist project of mestizo nationalism, sharpened and consolidated the Bolivian state's embrace of anti-cocaism. Ironically, coca culture was simultaneously emerging as a counterhegemonic element of the proletarian left. The study concludes by examining the parallel rise and political confluence, in the 1970s and 80s, of two distinct strands of popular pro-coca politics: that of unionized peasant cocaleros , which by-then counted tens of thousands of ex-miners in their number, in the Chapare region; and neo-indigenist kataristas in the highlands who were revalorizing coca as part of an ethno-nationalist project. This dissertation thus explores the complex historical processes that ultimately gave rise to contemporary Bolivian popular coca nationalism.

ISBN: 9780438708105Subjects--Topical Terms:

2122902
Latin American history.

Coca Nation: Labor, Indigeneity, and the Politics of the Coca Leaf in Bolivia, 1900-1962.
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245 1 0 $a Coca Nation: Labor, Indigeneity, and the Politics of the Coca Leaf in Bolivia, 1900-1962.
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300 $a 301 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 80-06, Section: A.
500 $a Publisher info.: Dissertation/Thesis.
500 $a Advisor: Gootenberg, Paul E.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--State University of New York at Stony Brook, 2018.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a This dissertation examines dramatic changes in the politics of Bolivia's "national" coca leaf from 1900 to the early 1960s. Focusing on coca's historically integral relationship to indigenous labor in Bolivia, this study utilizes coca politics as a lens through which to analyze contestation over the nature and meanings of indigeneity, labor, "drugs," mestizaje, and, ultimately, Bolivian nationalism. From 1900-1935, the political-economy and public discourse of coca were dominated by Creole elites, who valued the Bolivian leaf for its profitability, and for its perceived utility as a stimulant of Indian labor, but also for hegemonic value of coca as a material cultural marker of neo-feudal Indian caste. Ostensibly assimilationist Creoles of the early twentieth century saw in coca not a cause of the "Indian problem" but a solution. By contrast, although before the Chaco War (1932-35) Bolivian coca chewing was by and large exclusive to Indians, indigenous Bolivians of the era did not politicize the leaf. This study examines and explains these related paradoxes. By the 1960s-70s, Bolivian elites were firmly opposed to traditional coca culture, yet by then the leaf was chewed by tens of thousands of mestizos. Once a mainstay of a Liberal neo-colonial ethnic caste system, the Bolivian leaf had become a potent symbol of both working class identity and Indianist ethno-nationalism. This study identifies this distinctive historical dynamic-the decline of Creole "coca nationalism" and the simultaneous rise of working-class and Indianist coca nationalism-as a "double arc." The study locates the fulcrum of the double arc in the Chaco War of 1932-35. Drawing upon archival sources and the oral histories of Chaco War veterans, Chapter Three shows that the Bolivian Army supplied coca leaves systematically to its soldiers, Indians and mestizos alike. In the wake of that nationally disastrous conflict, a new generation of reformist Creoles began to view coca as an impediment to the assimilation of the indigenous population. The MNR Revolution of 1952, with its top-down assimilationist project of mestizo nationalism, sharpened and consolidated the Bolivian state's embrace of anti-cocaism. Ironically, coca culture was simultaneously emerging as a counterhegemonic element of the proletarian left. The study concludes by examining the parallel rise and political confluence, in the 1970s and 80s, of two distinct strands of popular pro-coca politics: that of unionized peasant cocaleros , which by-then counted tens of thousands of ex-miners in their number, in the Chapare region; and neo-indigenist kataristas in the highlands who were revalorizing coca as part of an ethno-nationalist project. This dissertation thus explores the complex historical processes that ultimately gave rise to contemporary Bolivian popular coca nationalism.
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