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Designing Peer-to-Peer Communication...

Kornfield, Rachel.

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Designing Peer-to-Peer Communication Environments to Enhance Wellbeing: A Study of Therapeutic Self-Expression Effects in Three Online Mental Health Support Platforms.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Designing Peer-to-Peer Communication Environments to Enhance Wellbeing: A Study of Therapeutic Self-Expression Effects in Three Online Mental Health Support Platforms./
Author:	Kornfield, Rachel.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2018,
Description:	212 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 80-04, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International80-04A.
Subject:	Mental health. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10934636
ISBN:	9780438381254

Designing Peer-to-Peer Communication Environments to Enhance Wellbeing: A Study of Therapeutic Self-Expression Effects in Three Online Mental Health Support Platforms.
Kornfield, Rachel.

Designing Peer-to-Peer Communication Environments to Enhance Wellbeing: A Study of Therapeutic Self-Expression Effects in Three Online Mental Health Support Platforms. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2018 - 212 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 80-04, Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2018.

This item must not be added to any third party search indexes.

Online peer support has become popular in the U.S. and around the world, transforming how and to whom Internet users can disclose their mental health challenges. While the psychology literature outlines a number of mechanisms underlying therapeutic benefits of discussing personal concerns (e.g., processing experiences, exchanging social support, challenging stigma), limited research has assessed how online peer support environments best activate these processes. In this dissertation, I examine roles played by specific website design features, or affordances, in stimulating therapeutic processes of peer communication, reporting results from studies of three forums serving populations with (1) depression, (2) substance use disorders, and (3) varied mental health concerns. Results suggested that affordances relating to group size, interactivity, identifiability, and training shape peer-to-peer communication in ways that can affect wellbeing. Results from Study 1 showed that larger perceived audiences helped writers improve their moods. Furthermore, when audiences were not expected to respond, larger audiences also helped writers appreciate positive aspects of their depression identity. Results from Study 2 showed that, in contrast to predictions from the online disinhibition paradigm, visual identifiability had no relationship to self-disclosure, and was also related positively to self-acceptance and negatively to substance use. Finally, results from Study 3 suggested benefits of training, with "active listening" fidelity predicting less vicarious distress and loneliness among peer helpers. Size, identifiability, training, and other design elements can be adjusted in online peer support environments to potentially foster more fruitful self-disclosure and support exchange. These findings demonstrate the utility of an affordance approach to optimizing online peer-to-peer communication environments, but suggest the need for additional research clarifying specific mechanisms by which online self-expression brings benefits.

ISBN: 9780438381254Subjects--Topical Terms:

534751
Mental health.

Designing Peer-to-Peer Communication Environments to Enhance Wellbeing: A Study of Therapeutic Self-Expression Effects in Three Online Mental Health Support Platforms.
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506 $a This item must not be added to any third party search indexes.
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520 $a Online peer support has become popular in the U.S. and around the world, transforming how and to whom Internet users can disclose their mental health challenges. While the psychology literature outlines a number of mechanisms underlying therapeutic benefits of discussing personal concerns (e.g., processing experiences, exchanging social support, challenging stigma), limited research has assessed how online peer support environments best activate these processes. In this dissertation, I examine roles played by specific website design features, or affordances, in stimulating therapeutic processes of peer communication, reporting results from studies of three forums serving populations with (1) depression, (2) substance use disorders, and (3) varied mental health concerns. Results suggested that affordances relating to group size, interactivity, identifiability, and training shape peer-to-peer communication in ways that can affect wellbeing. Results from Study 1 showed that larger perceived audiences helped writers improve their moods. Furthermore, when audiences were not expected to respond, larger audiences also helped writers appreciate positive aspects of their depression identity. Results from Study 2 showed that, in contrast to predictions from the online disinhibition paradigm, visual identifiability had no relationship to self-disclosure, and was also related positively to self-acceptance and negatively to substance use. Finally, results from Study 3 suggested benefits of training, with "active listening" fidelity predicting less vicarious distress and loneliness among peer helpers. Size, identifiability, training, and other design elements can be adjusted in online peer support environments to potentially foster more fruitful self-disclosure and support exchange. These findings demonstrate the utility of an affordance approach to optimizing online peer-to-peer communication environments, but suggest the need for additional research clarifying specific mechanisms by which online self-expression brings benefits.
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