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Extracellular Electron Transport: In...

Lam, Bonita Rasmey.

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Extracellular Electron Transport: Investigating the Diversity and Mechanisms Behind an Understudied Microbial Process with Global Implications.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Extracellular Electron Transport: Investigating the Diversity and Mechanisms Behind an Understudied Microbial Process with Global Implications./
作者:	Lam, Bonita Rasmey.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2018,
面頁冊數:	154 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 80-06(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International80-06B(E).
標題:	Microbiology. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10978944
ISBN:	9780438803886

Extracellular Electron Transport: Investigating the Diversity and Mechanisms Behind an Understudied Microbial Process with Global Implications.
Lam, Bonita Rasmey.

Extracellular Electron Transport: Investigating the Diversity and Mechanisms Behind an Understudied Microbial Process with Global Implications. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2018 - 154 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 80-06(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Southern California, 2018.

The influence of microorganisms on our world is tremendous as they are primary drivers of biogeochemical cycles and regulators of ecosystem processes. Their influence comes from the diverse and often complex metabolic capabilities that they possess, allowing the utilization of a wide range of substrates for the derivation of energy. The substrates they can use as either electron donors or acceptors was once thought to be limited to those that were soluble and could readily enter the cell membrane. The discovery of extracellular electron transport (EET) has broadened the diversity of substrates to include insoluble substrates such as minerals and metals. EET is the ability of microbes to transfer electrons to and from insoluble substrates outside of the cell. Much of the knowledge about EET has been gained through investigations of model organisms from two genera, Geobacter and Shewanella , and these studies have mainly focused on how electrons are transferred from cells to insoluble substrates. The process of receiving electrons from insoluble substrates has largely remained unexplored, and the mechanisms of solid substrate oxidation are poorly characterized and understood.

ISBN: 9780438803886Subjects--Topical Terms:

536250
Microbiology.

Extracellular Electron Transport: Investigating the Diversity and Mechanisms Behind an Understudied Microbial Process with Global Implications.
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520 $a The influence of microorganisms on our world is tremendous as they are primary drivers of biogeochemical cycles and regulators of ecosystem processes. Their influence comes from the diverse and often complex metabolic capabilities that they possess, allowing the utilization of a wide range of substrates for the derivation of energy. The substrates they can use as either electron donors or acceptors was once thought to be limited to those that were soluble and could readily enter the cell membrane. The discovery of extracellular electron transport (EET) has broadened the diversity of substrates to include insoluble substrates such as minerals and metals. EET is the ability of microbes to transfer electrons to and from insoluble substrates outside of the cell. Much of the knowledge about EET has been gained through investigations of model organisms from two genera, Geobacter and Shewanella , and these studies have mainly focused on how electrons are transferred from cells to insoluble substrates. The process of receiving electrons from insoluble substrates has largely remained unexplored, and the mechanisms of solid substrate oxidation are poorly characterized and understood.
520 $a The goal of this dissertation work was to further understanding of EET with a focus on cathode (insoluble substrate) oxidation. Microbes capable of insoluble substrate oxidation have been elusive to culturing, in part due to the difficulty in maintaining the conditions they require in the laboratory. Electrochemical techniques have allowed us to mimic the redox conditions provided by solid substrates and study the process of insoluble substrate oxidation in a quantifiable and controllable manner. Combining electrochemical techniques with microbiological and molecular methods, I was able to investigate the influence of redox potential on cathode-oxidizing community structure. Overall community diversity and richness increased with more negative applied redox potentials. In addition, abundances of important known EET groups, including the Altermonadales, Clostridiales, and Desulfuromonadales, varied with redox potential. Motility and chemotaxis genes were found in greater abundance in electrode communities, suggesting the importance of these pathways for colonization and utilization of the electrode as an electron donor. The cathode-oxidizing community enrichments demonstrated the validity of this approach in capturing groups that are known to participate in EET and also highlighting potentially important novel groups (e.g. Campylobacterales) that perform EET as well. The initial enrichments and the insights gleaned from molecular analyses laid the foundation for the successful isolation of six new strains of bacteria from five different classes capable of cathode oxidation. These isolates are not only phylogenetically diverse, but they also display varying electrochemical properties suggesting different mechanisms of EET. The microorganisms highlighted in this work will help inform potential genetic markers for future studies as well as aid in developing a framework for detecting EET capabilities in environmentally relevant microbes. The potential application of bioelectrochemical devices (BECDs) to probe for microbial metabolic activity in environmental samples was also explored. The proof of concept investigation demonstrated the utility of BECDs as a life detection strategy. This work contributes to the modernization and improvement of life detection techniques focused on metabolism. The data herein presented reveals the importance of EET as a widespread metabolic ability and environmental process, which is only starting to be understood with the advances made in electromicrobiology.
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