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Circulating Micro-RNAs as Biomarkers...

Roat, Regan.

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Circulating Micro-RNAs as Biomarkers of Early beta Cell Loss in Type 1 Diabetes.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Circulating Micro-RNAs as Biomarkers of Early beta Cell Loss in Type 1 Diabetes./
Author:	Roat, Regan.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2018,
Description:	183 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-03(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International79-03B(E).
Subject:	Molecular biology. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10681278
ISBN:	9780355539035

Circulating Micro-RNAs as Biomarkers of Early beta Cell Loss in Type 1 Diabetes.
Roat, Regan.

Circulating Micro-RNAs as Biomarkers of Early beta Cell Loss in Type 1 Diabetes. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2018 - 183 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-03(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of South Dakota, 2018.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by destruction of the insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells by autoreactive T cells, which leads to insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. A significant percentage of beta cells have already been destroyed at the time of diagnosis. Clinical trials testing the efficacy of various immunotherapies in delaying or reversing the disease have been initiated following diagnosis, but have been unsuccessful in significantly delaying further beta cell loss or reversing the disease altogether. Autoantibodies against islet cell antigens are currently the gold standard biomarkers used to predict disease risk as well as to confirm clinical diagnosis. However, biomarkers indicating early beta cell death are greatly needed to improve our ability to detect earlier stages of T1D.

ISBN: 9780355539035Subjects--Topical Terms:

517296
Molecular biology.

Circulating Micro-RNAs as Biomarkers of Early beta Cell Loss in Type 1 Diabetes.
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245 1 0 $a Circulating Micro-RNAs as Biomarkers of Early beta Cell Loss in Type 1 Diabetes.
260 1 $a Ann Arbor : $b ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, $c 2018
300 $a 183 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-03(E), Section: B.
500 $a Adviser: Zhiguang Guo.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of South Dakota, 2018.
520 $a Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by destruction of the insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells by autoreactive T cells, which leads to insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. A significant percentage of beta cells have already been destroyed at the time of diagnosis. Clinical trials testing the efficacy of various immunotherapies in delaying or reversing the disease have been initiated following diagnosis, but have been unsuccessful in significantly delaying further beta cell loss or reversing the disease altogether. Autoantibodies against islet cell antigens are currently the gold standard biomarkers used to predict disease risk as well as to confirm clinical diagnosis. However, biomarkers indicating early beta cell death are greatly needed to improve our ability to detect earlier stages of T1D.
520 $a MicroRNA (miRNA) is small, non-coding RNA that binds target messenger RNA and prevents translation or causes transcript degradation. It is a major player in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression for a variety of cellular processes. miRNAs are particularly resistant to degradation, and are therefore attractive candidates as circulating biomarkers of disease. Furthermore, changes in the expression levels of beta cell-specific miRNAs may very well be one of the earliest indications of declining beta cell function or beta cell death.
520 $a In this dissertation, I will show that certain miRNAs are increased in the circulation of NOD mice prior to the development of hyperglycemia and diabetes, and that some are islet-enriched and indicate early beta cell loss while others are immune-related. Next, I will show that our humanized mouse model with transplanted human islets and induced human beta cell destruction is a valid model for studying circulating miRNAs associated with early human beta cell death in vivo, and then use this model to characterize the expression of several miRNAs in the human islet grafts and circulation prior to the development of hyperglycemia. Finally, I will discuss the need for earlier detection of T1D, the importance of miRNAs as potential circulating biomarkers of early beta cell loss, and the significance of my dissertation work in the context of T1D biomarker discovery and application.
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650 4 $a Endocrinology. $3 610914
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773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 79-03B(E).
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791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2018
793 $a English
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