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Interactive Effects of Estuarine Str...

Griffith, Andrew William.

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Interactive Effects of Estuarine Stressors on Early Life-stage Marine Shellfish and Finfish.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Interactive Effects of Estuarine Stressors on Early Life-stage Marine Shellfish and Finfish./
作者:	Griffith, Andrew William.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2018,
面頁冊數:	199 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 80-03(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International80-03B(E).
標題:	Biological oceanography. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10746665
ISBN:	9780438487826

Interactive Effects of Estuarine Stressors on Early Life-stage Marine Shellfish and Finfish.
Griffith, Andrew William.

Interactive Effects of Estuarine Stressors on Early Life-stage Marine Shellfish and Finfish. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2018 - 199 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 80-03(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--State University of New York at Stony Brook, 2018.

World oceans are changing. Acidification, rising temperatures, and an increased abundance and distribution of harmful algae represent significant and growing threats to coastal marine organisms. While a large body of literature exists regarding the individual effects of these stressors on marine life, their interactive (i.e. additive and synergistic) effects are poorly understood. Further, while there is growing interest in the transgenerational effects of these stressors on marine organisms, most climate change investigations to date have only considered the direct impacts on a single cohort of individuals. The objective of this dissertation is to quantify the interactive and transgenerational effects of climate change processes and harmful algal blooms on early life-stage marine finfish and shellfish resident to the northwest Atlantic Ocean. Chapter two of this dissertation I examined the transgenerational effects of ocean acidification on two species of North Atlantic bivalve shellfish, Mercenaria mercenaria and Argopecten irradians and found no evidence of transgenerational acclimation to ocean acidification. Instead, offspring of elevated pCO2-treatment adults were significantly more vulnerable to acidification as well as the additional stressors, suggesting clams and scallops are unlikely to acclimate to ocean acidification over short time scales and that as coastal oceans continue to acidify, negative effects on these populations may be compounded. In chapter three, satellite-based sea surface temperature records since 1982 were used to model trends in potential cellular growth rates and bloom season length for strains of Cochlodinium polykrikoides inhabiting North American and East Asian coastlines. Along the US East Coast, significant increases in cellular growth rates and bloom seasons of North American ribotypes were observed from Chesapeake Bay through Cape Cod, areas where annual blooms have become newly established or intensified this century. Within the Sea of Japan, modeled mean potential growth rates and bloom season length of East Asian ribotypes displayed significant positive correlation with rising sea surface temperatures since 1982, a period during which maximal cell densities of C. polykrikoides blooms have significantly increased. Results suggest that warming sea surface temperatures have altered the phenology of C. polykrikoides populations and expanded its realized niche within temperate zones of North America and East Asia allowing blooms to initiate earlier and persist longer. In chapter four, the effects of temperature on the toxicity of C. polykrikoides were examined. The lethality of clonal isolates and bloom populations of C. polykrikoides to both larval fish and larval shellfish significantly decreased as temperatures increased from 16 to 28°C suggesting that as blooms in temperate zones progress from summer to fall, the lethality of blooms may increase, that blooms occurring at tropical latitudes may be less toxic than those in temperate areas, and that as global temperatures increase, the toxic effects of Cochlodinium spp. may become less severe. Finally, in chapter five, the effects of C. polykrikoides blooms on bivalves in an estuarine setting were examined. In two consecutive years, bay scallops deployed within surface locations experienced significant mortality (75 -- 100%) during short-term (one - two week) but intense (> 1.5 x 104 cells mL-1 ) C. polykrikoides blooms whereas scallops deployed at depth and clams and oysters deployed at either the surface or at depth were more resistant to blooms. Collectively, this dissertation has evidenced multiple modes by which climate change can act and interact to have negative consequences for marine organisms that serve as keystone fisheries and ecosystem engineers.

ISBN: 9780438487826Subjects--Topical Terms:

2122748
Biological oceanography.

Interactive Effects of Estuarine Stressors on Early Life-stage Marine Shellfish and Finfish.
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