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Predicting the Effects of Ocean Acid...

Jones, Jonathan Mason.

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Predicting the Effects of Ocean Acidification in the California Current System from a Methodological, Meta-analytical, and Experimental Perspective.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Predicting the Effects of Ocean Acidification in the California Current System from a Methodological, Meta-analytical, and Experimental Perspective./
作者:	Jones, Jonathan Mason.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2018,
面頁冊數:	110 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-08(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International79-08B(E).
標題:	Biological oceanography. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10607411
ISBN:	9780355733440

Predicting the Effects of Ocean Acidification in the California Current System from a Methodological, Meta-analytical, and Experimental Perspective.
Jones, Jonathan Mason.

Predicting the Effects of Ocean Acidification in the California Current System from a Methodological, Meta-analytical, and Experimental Perspective. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2018 - 110 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-08(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Santa Barbara, 2018.

Ocean acidification, the other CO2 problem, is characterized by a decrease in surface ocean pH resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels and their subsequent intrusion into the surface ocean. This anthropogenic threat is predicted to and in some cases has already reshaped marine ecosystems, processes, and industries resulting in genetically favored "winners" and slow-to-adapt "losers". The source of acidification is well understood, but the spatial-temporal variability in its expression and downstream effects for many marine taxa are still uncertain. New calibrations, estimations, predictions, models, sensors, and research sites have been created over the last decade to try and understand ocean acidification, but the complexity of the issue and the speed at which it is escalating makes this particular phenomenon extremely challenging for researchers to predict. A few challenges include measuring carbonate system variability in dynamic nearshore systems, predicting organismal sensitivities at the ecosystem level, and designing experiments that capture the biological intricacy found in nature. These challenges are especially difficult in naturally low pH environments, such as eastern boundary currents, deep-sea CO2 vents, and eutrophic bays and estuaries.

ISBN: 9780355733440Subjects--Topical Terms:

2122748
Biological oceanography.

Predicting the Effects of Ocean Acidification in the California Current System from a Methodological, Meta-analytical, and Experimental Perspective.
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245 1 0 $a Predicting the Effects of Ocean Acidification in the California Current System from a Methodological, Meta-analytical, and Experimental Perspective.
260 1 $a Ann Arbor : $b ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, $c 2018
300 $a 110 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-08(E), Section: B.
500 $a Adviser: Uta Passow.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Santa Barbara, 2018.
520 $a Ocean acidification, the other CO2 problem, is characterized by a decrease in surface ocean pH resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels and their subsequent intrusion into the surface ocean. This anthropogenic threat is predicted to and in some cases has already reshaped marine ecosystems, processes, and industries resulting in genetically favored "winners" and slow-to-adapt "losers". The source of acidification is well understood, but the spatial-temporal variability in its expression and downstream effects for many marine taxa are still uncertain. New calibrations, estimations, predictions, models, sensors, and research sites have been created over the last decade to try and understand ocean acidification, but the complexity of the issue and the speed at which it is escalating makes this particular phenomenon extremely challenging for researchers to predict. A few challenges include measuring carbonate system variability in dynamic nearshore systems, predicting organismal sensitivities at the ecosystem level, and designing experiments that capture the biological intricacy found in nature. These challenges are especially difficult in naturally low pH environments, such as eastern boundary currents, deep-sea CO2 vents, and eutrophic bays and estuaries.
520 $a The California Current System (CCS) is a highly dynamic environment that experiences seasonal pulses of cold, nutrient rich, low pH water. The inherently variable nature of nearshore, coastal environments, makes predicting the carbonate system difficult due to wave dynamics, eutrophication, and extreme periodic pulses in photosynthesis and respiration. In chapter II of this dissertation (Jones et al., 2016), a relationship for estimating total alkalinity from sea surface salinity is tested to determine its application for the nearshore environment. The relationship between alkalinity and salinity has been observed broadly across the CCS, but not yet tested for accuracy south of Point Conception. Results from a two-year sampling effort better define nearshore carbonate system variability and test predicted relationships between measured total alkalinity and total alkalinity estimated from salinity or salinity and temperature. Given the logistical requirements and lack of in situ autonomous alkalinity measurements, small-scale predictions of total alkalinity from autonomously measured salinity would greatly enhance understanding of organism-level carbonate system dynamics on California's southern coast. The current level of predictability is well suited to observing general trends over time, but is likely not accurate enough to investigate organismal alkalinity-dependent processes. Furthermore, predictive estimations of the carbonate system could not only reduce logistical restraints, but also allow for a broader scope of analysis at the ecosystem level where satellite data are available.
520 $a National Parks are federally managed lands set aside for the continued use and enjoyment of the American public. While these lands are protected from many anthropogenic impacts such as urban development, eutrophication, and resource harvesting, ocean acidification crosses both socio-political and ecosystem boundaries. In order to characterize the threat that ocean acidification poses to the protected nearshore landscape, a broader application of resource vulnerability is required. Chapter III of this dissertation is a regional assessment of ocean acidification vulnerability specific to the wilderness intertidal zone of Olympic National Park. The assessment classifies over 700 species of benthic invertebrates and algae observed in the park according to their habitat exposure and predicted biological sensitivity in a future, acidified ocean. Evidence from field observations and primary literature sources are used to identify taxa of highest concern with respect to anticipated and realized ocean acidification impacts. This assessment represents a critical first step in understanding ocean acidification at the ecosystem level and is also important for regional managers tasked with preserving ecosystem biodiversity in an era of changing climate. An ongoing challenge for the ocean acidification community is the translation of laboratory experimentation into the field environment and this assessment is one way in which laboratory studies can be utilized to better identify ecosystem vulnerability.
520 $a In upwelling regions, nearshore pH is mediated by the primary production and respiration of autotrophic algae and heterotrophic bacteria respectively. Diatoms, a dominant functional group of marine phytoplankton in the CCS, play an important role in mediating the pH balance of nearshore surface waters that come into contact with marine benthic communities. In addition to their ability to temporarily take up CO2 via photosynthesis, diatoms also act as a primary vector for carbon export from the surface ocean to the deep ocean (> 1000 m) where it can be stored for hundreds to thousands of years. In a future surface ocean, climate change may lead to increased stratification, warming, and the concomitant increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide. These climate stressors will likely impact diatom physiology and subsequently the uptake of CO2 and potential flux of particulate organic carbon. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.).
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