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Engineering microbial rhodopsins to ...

Venkatachalam, Veena.

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Engineering microbial rhodopsins to expand the optogenetic toolkit.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Engineering microbial rhodopsins to expand the optogenetic toolkit./
Author:	Venkatachalam, Veena.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2014,
Description:	176 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 76-03(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International76-03B(E).
Subject:	Biophysics. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3645086
ISBN:	9781321335620

Engineering microbial rhodopsins to expand the optogenetic toolkit.
Venkatachalam, Veena.

Engineering microbial rhodopsins to expand the optogenetic toolkit. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2014 - 176 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 76-03(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2014.

This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.

Cellular lipid membranes can---and often do---support a transmembrane electric field, serving as biological capacitors that maintain a voltage difference between their two sides. It isn't hard to see why these voltage gradients matter; the electrical spiking of neurons gives rise to our thoughts and actions, and the voltage dynamics of cardiomyocytes keep our hearts beating. Studies of bioelectricity have historically relied on electrode-based techniques to perturb and measure membrane potential, but these techniques have inherent limitations. I present new optogenetic methods of studying membrane potential that will broaden the scope of electrophysiological investigations by complementing traditional approaches.

ISBN: 9781321335620Subjects--Topical Terms:

518360
Biophysics.

Engineering microbial rhodopsins to expand the optogenetic toolkit.
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100 1 $a Venkatachalam, Veena. $3 3347100
245 1 0 $a Engineering microbial rhodopsins to expand the optogenetic toolkit.
260 1 $a Ann Arbor : $b ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, $c 2014
300 $a 176 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 76-03(E), Section: B.
500 $a Adviser: Adam E. Cohen.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2014.
506 $a This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
520 $a Cellular lipid membranes can---and often do---support a transmembrane electric field, serving as biological capacitors that maintain a voltage difference between their two sides. It isn't hard to see why these voltage gradients matter; the electrical spiking of neurons gives rise to our thoughts and actions, and the voltage dynamics of cardiomyocytes keep our hearts beating. Studies of bioelectricity have historically relied on electrode-based techniques to perturb and measure membrane potential, but these techniques have inherent limitations. I present new optogenetic methods of studying membrane potential that will broaden the scope of electrophysiological investigations by complementing traditional approaches.
520 $a I introduce the microbial rhodopsin Archaerhodopsin-3 (Arch), a transmembrane protein from Halorubrum sodomense. The fluorescence of Arch is a function of membrane potential, allowing it to serve as an optical voltage reporter. We use time-dependent pump-probe spectroscopy to interrogate the light- and voltage-dependent conformational dynamics of this protein, to elucidate the mechanism of voltage-dependent fluorescence in Arch.
520 $a I then present two new methods for imaging voltage using engineered variants of Arch. Both techniques take advantage of the unique photophysical properties of Arch(D95X) mutants. The first method, Flash Memory, records a photochemical imprint of the activity state---firing or not firing---of a neuron at a user-selected moment in time. The Flash Memory technique decouples the recording of neural activity from its readout, and can potentially allow us to take large-scale snapshots of voltage (e.g. maps of activity in a whole mouse brain). The second method allows for the quantitative optical measurement of membrane potential. This technique overcomes the problems that typically hinder intensity-based measurements by encoding a measurement of voltage in the time domain.
520 $a Finally, I present a method to visualize cellular responses to changes in membrane potential. I engineer mutants of Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), a light-gated cation channel from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that is used for optical control of neural activity, and use these optogenetic actuators in conjunction with GFP-based sensors to study the activity-dependent behavior of cultured neurons.
590 $a School code: 0084.
650 4 $a Biophysics. $3 518360
650 4 $a Neurosciences. $3 588700
690 $a 0786
690 $a 0317
710 2 $a Harvard University. $b Biophysics. $3 3174713
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 76-03B(E).
790 $a 0084
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2014
793 $a English
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3645086