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Landslides and Landscape Evolution o...

Cerovski-Darriau, Corina R.

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Landslides and Landscape Evolution over Decades to Millennia: Using Tephrochronology, Air Photos, Lidar, and Geophysical Investigations to Reconstruct Past Landscapes.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Landslides and Landscape Evolution over Decades to Millennia: Using Tephrochronology, Air Photos, Lidar, and Geophysical Investigations to Reconstruct Past Landscapes./
Author:	Cerovski-Darriau, Corina R.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2016,
Description:	147 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 77-08(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International77-08B(E).
Subject:	Geomorphology. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10096182
ISBN:	9781339603124

Landslides and Landscape Evolution over Decades to Millennia: Using Tephrochronology, Air Photos, Lidar, and Geophysical Investigations to Reconstruct Past Landscapes.
Cerovski-Darriau, Corina R.

Landslides and Landscape Evolution over Decades to Millennia: Using Tephrochronology, Air Photos, Lidar, and Geophysical Investigations to Reconstruct Past Landscapes. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2016 - 147 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 77-08(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Oregon, 2016.

Landscapes respond to external perturbations over a variety of timescales, including million-year tectonic forcing, millennial to decadal climate fluctuations, and minutes-long high intensity storms or large magnitude earthquakes. In mountainous regions, understanding the role of landslides in driving the hillslope response to these perturbations is paramount for understanding landscape evolution over geologic timescales and hazards over human timescales. Here I analyze the landslide-driven hillslope response over millennial to decadal timescales using a variety of tools and techniques (e.g. tephrochronology, lidar and air photo analysis, field and subsurface investigations, and seismic refraction) in the Waipaoa Basin (New Zealand) and Oregon Coast Range (USA). For the Waipaoa study catchment, pervasive landslides have been sculpting >99% of the hillslopes in response to >50 m of fluvial incision following the shift to a warmer, wetter climate after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) (~18 ka). Then, starting in the late 1800s, European settlement resulted in deforestation and conversion of >90% of the landscape to pastureland---spurring a rapid increase in landslide-driven erosion. To quantify the landscape response, I first reconstruct LGM and younger paleosurfaces using tephrochronology and lidar-derived surface roughness to estimate the volume, timing, and distribution of hillslope destabilization. From these reconstructions, I calculate the post-LGM catchment-averaged erosion rate (1.6 mm/yr) and determine that the timing of the initial hillslope adjustment was rapid and occurred by ~10 ka. Second, I quantify the rate and volume of historic hillslope degradation using a 1956-2010 sequence of aerial photographs, lidar, and field reconnaissance to map the spatial extent of active landslides, create a 'turf index' based on the extent and style of pastoral ground disruption, correlate that with downslope velocity, and calculate the average annual sediment flux. From the sediment flux, I calculate an erosion rate over the past ~50 years (~20 mm/yr) that is 10x greater than post-LGM. Lastly, in Western Oregon, I confirm that seismic refraction can determine the size (e.g. depth) and failure style of landslides in western Oregon---data needed to incorporate these poorly studied landslides into future landscape evolution or hazard models.

ISBN: 9781339603124Subjects--Topical Terms:

542703
Geomorphology.

Landslides and Landscape Evolution over Decades to Millennia: Using Tephrochronology, Air Photos, Lidar, and Geophysical Investigations to Reconstruct Past Landscapes.
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100 1 $a Cerovski-Darriau, Corina R. $0 (orcid)0000-0002-0543-0902 $3 3345767
245 1 0 $a Landslides and Landscape Evolution over Decades to Millennia: Using Tephrochronology, Air Photos, Lidar, and Geophysical Investigations to Reconstruct Past Landscapes.
260 1 $a Ann Arbor : $b ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, $c 2016
300 $a 147 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 77-08(E), Section: B.
500 $a Adviser: Joshua J. Roering.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Oregon, 2016.
520 $a Landscapes respond to external perturbations over a variety of timescales, including million-year tectonic forcing, millennial to decadal climate fluctuations, and minutes-long high intensity storms or large magnitude earthquakes. In mountainous regions, understanding the role of landslides in driving the hillslope response to these perturbations is paramount for understanding landscape evolution over geologic timescales and hazards over human timescales. Here I analyze the landslide-driven hillslope response over millennial to decadal timescales using a variety of tools and techniques (e.g. tephrochronology, lidar and air photo analysis, field and subsurface investigations, and seismic refraction) in the Waipaoa Basin (New Zealand) and Oregon Coast Range (USA). For the Waipaoa study catchment, pervasive landslides have been sculpting >99% of the hillslopes in response to >50 m of fluvial incision following the shift to a warmer, wetter climate after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) (~18 ka). Then, starting in the late 1800s, European settlement resulted in deforestation and conversion of >90% of the landscape to pastureland---spurring a rapid increase in landslide-driven erosion. To quantify the landscape response, I first reconstruct LGM and younger paleosurfaces using tephrochronology and lidar-derived surface roughness to estimate the volume, timing, and distribution of hillslope destabilization. From these reconstructions, I calculate the post-LGM catchment-averaged erosion rate (1.6 mm/yr) and determine that the timing of the initial hillslope adjustment was rapid and occurred by ~10 ka. Second, I quantify the rate and volume of historic hillslope degradation using a 1956-2010 sequence of aerial photographs, lidar, and field reconnaissance to map the spatial extent of active landslides, create a 'turf index' based on the extent and style of pastoral ground disruption, correlate that with downslope velocity, and calculate the average annual sediment flux. From the sediment flux, I calculate an erosion rate over the past ~50 years (~20 mm/yr) that is 10x greater than post-LGM. Lastly, in Western Oregon, I confirm that seismic refraction can determine the size (e.g. depth) and failure style of landslides in western Oregon---data needed to incorporate these poorly studied landslides into future landscape evolution or hazard models.
520 $a This dissertation includes both previously published and unpublished co-authored material.
590 $a School code: 0171.
650 4 $a Geomorphology. $3 542703
650 4 $a Geology. $3 516570
690 $a 0484
690 $a 0372
710 2 $a University of Oregon. $b Geological Sciences. $3 3345768
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 77-08B(E).
790 $a 0171
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2016
793 $a English
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10096182