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Understanding the mechanism of oxida...

Mehta, Nihar J.

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Understanding the mechanism of oxidative stress generation by oxidized dopamine metabolites: Implications in Parkinson's disease.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Understanding the mechanism of oxidative stress generation by oxidized dopamine metabolites: Implications in Parkinson's disease./
作者:	Mehta, Nihar J.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2017,
面頁冊數:	120 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-08(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International78-08B(E).
標題:	Physiology. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10256902
ISBN:	9781369687392

Understanding the mechanism of oxidative stress generation by oxidized dopamine metabolites: Implications in Parkinson's disease.
Mehta, Nihar J.

Understanding the mechanism of oxidative stress generation by oxidized dopamine metabolites: Implications in Parkinson's disease. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2017 - 120 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-08(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wayne State University, 2017.

Oxidation of dopamine to toxic metabolites is considered to be one of the prime factors involved in the death of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease. Some dopamine oxidation products have the capability to redox cycle in the presence of molecular oxygen, further contributing to oxidative stress. Therefore, our aim here was to study the redox cycling of dopamine oxidized metabolites and elucidate the underlying mechanism by which they cause oxidative stress.

ISBN: 9781369687392Subjects--Topical Terms:

518431
Physiology.

Understanding the mechanism of oxidative stress generation by oxidized dopamine metabolites: Implications in Parkinson's disease.
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245 1 0 $a Understanding the mechanism of oxidative stress generation by oxidized dopamine metabolites: Implications in Parkinson's disease.
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500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-08(E), Section: B.
500 $a Adviser: David Njus.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wayne State University, 2017.
520 $a Oxidation of dopamine to toxic metabolites is considered to be one of the prime factors involved in the death of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease. Some dopamine oxidation products have the capability to redox cycle in the presence of molecular oxygen, further contributing to oxidative stress. Therefore, our aim here was to study the redox cycling of dopamine oxidized metabolites and elucidate the underlying mechanism by which they cause oxidative stress.
520 $a Redox reactions involve transfer of one or more electrons between two compounds resulting in either oxidation or reduction. In redox cycling, a compound undergoes alternate oxidation and reduction, transferring electrons from a reductant to molecular oxygen. Therefore, we began by investigating different modes of redox cycling by measuring the rate of oxygen consumption using a Clark-type oxygen electrode in the presence of different reductants. We compared chemically synthesized redox cyclers such as menadione, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 3-methyl-5-anilino-1,2-benzoquinone (3-MAQ) and 9,10-phenanthrenequinone, using ascorbic acid and dithiothreitol (DTT) as reductants. Addition of superoxide dismutase diminished DTT dependent redox cycling activity (except in the case of menadione) but had no effect on the ascorbate-dependent redox cycling activity. This suggests that DTT drives a two electron reduction whereas ascorbate causes a one-electron reduction. NADHdependent redox cycling mediated by mitochondria was also studied using 3-MAQ. This mitochondrially mediated redox cycling activity was inhibited by mersalyl acid, thereby suggesting the involvement of the outer-mitochondrial membrane protein, NADH dependent cytochrome b5 reductase, in the redox cycling mechanism.
520 $a We identified hypochlorite-oxidized cysteinyl-dopamine (HOCD) as a redox cycling product and a potential candidate for dopaminergic neuron toxicity in the progression of Parkinson's disease. The dopamine oxidation product cysteinyl-dopamine has attracted attention as a contributor to the death of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease. Treatment of cysteinyl-dopamine with hypochlorite yields an even more cytotoxic product. This product, HOCD, has potent redox-cycling activity and initiates production of superoxide in PC12 cells. Taurine, which scavenges hypochlorite, protects PC12 cells from cysteinyl-dopamine but not from HOCD, suggesting that HOCD, not cysteinyl-dopamine itself, is toxic. Furthermore, rotenone, which enhances expression of the hypochlorite-producing enzyme myeloperoxidase, increases the cytotoxicity of cysteinyl-dopamine but not of HOCD. This suggests that dopamine oxidation to cysteinyl-dopamine followed by hypochlorite-dependent conversion to a cytotoxic redox-cycling product HOCD, leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress and may contribute to the death of dopaminergic neurons.
520 $a Our findings of HOCD toxicity in PC12 cells was followed by our study to determine the mode of cell death. The morphological changes in the cell such as membrane blebbing and appearance of biochemical markers such as cleaved poly-ADP ribose polymerase and active caspase-9 suggested cell death by apoptosis. Moreover, increased expression of tumor suppressor protein p53, indicated mitochondrial mediated apoptotic cell death. Our observations have raised an unappreciated possibility that may link dopamine oxidation, microglial inflammation, oxidative stress and the rotenone model of Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, it offers a promising new approach in the search for a therapeutic cure for Parkinson's disease.
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