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Looking at cartoons: The art, labor,...

Frank, Hannah Maitland.

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Looking at cartoons: The art, labor, and technology of American cel animation.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Looking at cartoons: The art, labor, and technology of American cel animation./
Author:	Frank, Hannah Maitland.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2016,
Description:	283 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-01(E), Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International78-01A(E).
Subject:	Film studies. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10157960
ISBN:	9781369129779

Looking at cartoons: The art, labor, and technology of American cel animation.
Frank, Hannah Maitland.

Looking at cartoons: The art, labor, and technology of American cel animation. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2016 - 283 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-01(E), Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Chicago, 2016.

This dissertation examines the visual aesthetics of popular American animated cartoons. For most of the twentieth century, the making of these films was mechanized and standardized to allow for high-volume production: thousands of drawings were inked and painted onto individual transparent celluloid sheets (called "cels") and then photographed in succession, a labor-intensive process that was divided across scores of artists and technicians, most of them anonymous. In order to understand how the industrial mode of production influenced the medium's visual style, this dissertation regards each frame of a given animated cartoon as a historical document in its own right. What emerges is an original account of an art formed on the assembly line.

ISBN: 9781369129779Subjects--Topical Terms:

2122736
Film studies.

Looking at cartoons: The art, labor, and technology of American cel animation.
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020 $a 9781369129779
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100 1 $a Frank, Hannah Maitland. $0 (orcid)0000-0001-9137-1971 $3 3281845
245 1 0 $a Looking at cartoons: The art, labor, and technology of American cel animation.
260 1 $a Ann Arbor : $b ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, $c 2016
300 $a 283 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-01(E), Section: A.
500 $a Adviser: Tom Gunning.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Chicago, 2016.
520 $a This dissertation examines the visual aesthetics of popular American animated cartoons. For most of the twentieth century, the making of these films was mechanized and standardized to allow for high-volume production: thousands of drawings were inked and painted onto individual transparent celluloid sheets (called "cels") and then photographed in succession, a labor-intensive process that was divided across scores of artists and technicians, most of them anonymous. In order to understand how the industrial mode of production influenced the medium's visual style, this dissertation regards each frame of a given animated cartoon as a historical document in its own right. What emerges is an original account of an art formed on the assembly line.
520 $a The four chapters each provide a distinct perspective on the art, labor, and technology of cel animation. Drawing on the montage practices of Sergei Eisenstein and Walter Benjamin, the first chapter offers a model for understanding the historical and theoretical significance of the part (or, in this case, the frame) in relationship to the work of art as a whole. The second chapter focuses on cel animation's photographic basis, which has long been overlooked in film theory. Thinking of each of a film's frames as the photographic documentation of a singular instant in time reveals the labor that went into the film's production, a revelation that, in turn, imbues the cartoon with new aesthetic power. The third chapter uncovers moments of abstract painting---those frames in which a famous cartoon character is blurred or distorted beyond recognition---in order to rethink the possibilities of anonymous artistry, while the fourth explores the stylistic and economic shifts catalyzed by the introduction of xerographic technology (the Xerox machine) to the cel animation process. Ultimately, this dissertation argues that the method of frame-by-frame analysis constitutes its own form of aesthetic experience.
590 $a School code: 0330.
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650 4 $a Aesthetics. $3 523036
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710 2 $a The University of Chicago. $b Cinema and Media Studies. $3 1677490
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 78-01A(E).
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793 $a English
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10157960