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Pharmaceutical occurrence and fate i...

MacLeod, Sherri Lynn.

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Pharmaceutical occurrence and fate in wastewater and receiving surface waters in two Alberta watersheds.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Pharmaceutical occurrence and fate in wastewater and receiving surface waters in two Alberta watersheds./
Author:	MacLeod, Sherri Lynn.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2009,
Description:	295 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 71-01, Section: B, page: 3330.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International71-01B.
Subject:	Pharmacy sciences. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=NR55434
ISBN:	9780494554340

Pharmaceutical occurrence and fate in wastewater and receiving surface waters in two Alberta watersheds.
MacLeod, Sherri Lynn.

Pharmaceutical occurrence and fate in wastewater and receiving surface waters in two Alberta watersheds. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2009 - 295 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 71-01, Section: B, page: 3330.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Alberta (Canada), 2009.

Passive sampling rates for pharmaceuticals were determined on the Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS) to provide better means by which to determine occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals in environmental waters. Field deployments of POCIS in wastewater effluent and surface waters provided time-weighted-average (TWA) concentrations, derived from laboratory calibrations, consistent with regular grab samples. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to measure enantiomer fractions (EFs) and concentrations of aquatic pharmaceuticals, again to provide improved analytical methodology for drugs in environmental waters. Changes in EF through wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) indicated biologically-mediated stereoselective processes were likely occurring during treatment.

ISBN: 9780494554340Subjects--Topical Terms:

3174369
Pharmacy sciences.

Pharmaceutical occurrence and fate in wastewater and receiving surface waters in two Alberta watersheds.
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245 1 0 $a Pharmaceutical occurrence and fate in wastewater and receiving surface waters in two Alberta watersheds.
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300 $a 295 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 71-01, Section: B, page: 3330.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Alberta (Canada), 2009.
520 $a Passive sampling rates for pharmaceuticals were determined on the Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS) to provide better means by which to determine occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals in environmental waters. Field deployments of POCIS in wastewater effluent and surface waters provided time-weighted-average (TWA) concentrations, derived from laboratory calibrations, consistent with regular grab samples. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to measure enantiomer fractions (EFs) and concentrations of aquatic pharmaceuticals, again to provide improved analytical methodology for drugs in environmental waters. Changes in EF through wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) indicated biologically-mediated stereoselective processes were likely occurring during treatment.
520 $a Wastewater loadings and temporal/spatial trends in concentration and EF of pharmaceuticals in surface water were determined using POCIS in the North Saskatchewan River to gain insight into processes affecting drug environmental fate. Drugs were rarely detected upstream of WWTPs, and consistently detected in surface water as far as 84 km downstream. TWA concentrations generally decreased with increasing distance from WWTPs as a result of dilution, transverse mixing, and other natural attenuation processes (photolysis, biodegradation). The concentration and/or EF of some drugs at a sampling site changed marginally over time. Dilution and transverse mixing underestimated concentrations for some drugs during winter. Because ice cover prohibited photolysis, attenuation was likely due to biodegradation. EF changes between treated wastewater and river water, as well as during river travel, indicated that enantioselective, biologically-mediated processing occurred for some drugs.
520 $a A comparison of TWA drug concentrations, loadings and EFs was made among treated wastewater from rural Lac La Biche's aerated lagoon and Edmonton's two urban tertiary WWTPs. Effluent concentrations in aerated lagoons were higher in winter for some drugs, likely due to the absence of photolysis. Per capita drug releases were generally similar among the three WWTPs, suggesting that measured population-weighted concentrations are a good predictor of other effluent concentrations, even among different treatment types. Temporal changes in chiral drug EFs were observed in the effluent of aerated lagoons, and some differences in EF were found among WWTPs, indicating that treatment type may be a good predictor of EF for some, but not all drugs.
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