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The Virus-Induced Innate Immune Resp...

Glennon, Nicole B.

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The Virus-Induced Innate Immune Response of Pteropus vampyrus, a Reservoir Host for Nipah Virus.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	The Virus-Induced Innate Immune Response of Pteropus vampyrus, a Reservoir Host for Nipah Virus./
Author:	Glennon, Nicole B.
Description:	102 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 77-04(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International77-04B(E).
Subject:	Virology. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3736867
ISBN:	9781339258379

The Virus-Induced Innate Immune Response of Pteropus vampyrus, a Reservoir Host for Nipah Virus.
Glennon, Nicole B.

The Virus-Induced Innate Immune Response of Pteropus vampyrus, a Reservoir Host for Nipah Virus. - 102 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 77-04(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 2015.

Bats are important reservoirs for several viruses, many of which cause lethal infections in humans but have reduced pathogenicity in bats. As the innate immune response is critical for controlling viruses, the nature of this response in bats, and how it may differ from other mammals, is of great interest. Using next generation mRNAseq, the transcriptional response of Pteropus vampyrus bat kidney (PPVK and PVK4) cells to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection, an avian paramyxovirus known to elicit a strong innate immune response in mammalian cells was determined. This bat species is a known reservoir of Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV). Analysis of the 200-300 regulated genes showed that interferon (IFN) and antiviral pathways are highly upregulated in NDV infected PPVK cells, including genes such as IFNbeta, RIGI, MDA5, ISG15, and IRF1. NDV infected cells also upregulated several genes not previously characterized as antiviral such as RND1, SERTAD1, CHAC1, and MORC3. In fact, I show that MORC3 is induced by both IFN and NDV infection in PVK4 cells, but by neither stimulus in human A549 cells. In contrast to NDV, HeV and NiV infection of PVK4 cells failed to induce these innate immune genes. Likewise, an attenuated response was observed in PVK4 cells infected with recombinant NDVs expressing the NiV IFN antagonist proteins V and W. This study provides the first global profile of a robust virus-induced innate immune response in bats and indicates that henipavirus IFN antagonist mechanisms are likely active in bat cells.

ISBN: 9781339258379Subjects--Topical Terms:

642304
Virology.

The Virus-Induced Innate Immune Response of Pteropus vampyrus, a Reservoir Host for Nipah Virus.
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245 1 4 $a The Virus-Induced Innate Immune Response of Pteropus vampyrus, a Reservoir Host for Nipah Virus.
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520 $a Bats are important reservoirs for several viruses, many of which cause lethal infections in humans but have reduced pathogenicity in bats. As the innate immune response is critical for controlling viruses, the nature of this response in bats, and how it may differ from other mammals, is of great interest. Using next generation mRNAseq, the transcriptional response of Pteropus vampyrus bat kidney (PPVK and PVK4) cells to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection, an avian paramyxovirus known to elicit a strong innate immune response in mammalian cells was determined. This bat species is a known reservoir of Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV). Analysis of the 200-300 regulated genes showed that interferon (IFN) and antiviral pathways are highly upregulated in NDV infected PPVK cells, including genes such as IFNbeta, RIGI, MDA5, ISG15, and IRF1. NDV infected cells also upregulated several genes not previously characterized as antiviral such as RND1, SERTAD1, CHAC1, and MORC3. In fact, I show that MORC3 is induced by both IFN and NDV infection in PVK4 cells, but by neither stimulus in human A549 cells. In contrast to NDV, HeV and NiV infection of PVK4 cells failed to induce these innate immune genes. Likewise, an attenuated response was observed in PVK4 cells infected with recombinant NDVs expressing the NiV IFN antagonist proteins V and W. This study provides the first global profile of a robust virus-induced innate immune response in bats and indicates that henipavirus IFN antagonist mechanisms are likely active in bat cells.
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