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Corals and ocean acidification: Insi...

Crook, Elizabeth Derse.

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Corals and ocean acidification: Insights on reef community development and coral calcification in an acidified ocean.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Corals and ocean acidification: Insights on reef community development and coral calcification in an acidified ocean./
Author:	Crook, Elizabeth Derse.
Description:	221 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 76-11(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International76-11B(E).
Subject:	Biogeochemistry. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3715180
ISBN:	9781321932409

Corals and ocean acidification: Insights on reef community development and coral calcification in an acidified ocean.
Crook, Elizabeth Derse.

Corals and ocean acidification: Insights on reef community development and coral calcification in an acidified ocean. - 221 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 76-11(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Santa Cruz, 2015.

As the surface ocean equilibrates with rising atmospheric pCO2, the pH of surface seawater is decreasing with potentially negative impacts to coral calcification and coral reef ecosystems. This dissertation is composed of 4 individual studies that explore the impacts of ocean acidification on community reef development, coral calcification rates, and the acclimatization potential of corals to decreasing seawater pH. This is accomplished through in-situ field investigations on a tropical coral reef and laboratory experiments on temperate solitary corals.

ISBN: 9781321932409Subjects--Topical Terms:

545717
Biogeochemistry.

Corals and ocean acidification: Insights on reef community development and coral calcification in an acidified ocean.
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020 $a 9781321932409
035 $a (MiAaPQ)AAI3715180
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040 $a MiAaPQ $c MiAaPQ
100 1 $a Crook, Elizabeth Derse. $3 3187770
245 1 0 $a Corals and ocean acidification: Insights on reef community development and coral calcification in an acidified ocean.
300 $a 221 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 76-11(E), Section: B.
500 $a Adviser: Adina Paytan.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Santa Cruz, 2015.
520 $a As the surface ocean equilibrates with rising atmospheric pCO2, the pH of surface seawater is decreasing with potentially negative impacts to coral calcification and coral reef ecosystems. This dissertation is composed of 4 individual studies that explore the impacts of ocean acidification on community reef development, coral calcification rates, and the acclimatization potential of corals to decreasing seawater pH. This is accomplished through in-situ field investigations on a tropical coral reef and laboratory experiments on temperate solitary corals.
520 $a In Chapters II-IV, I present findings from field investigations at Puerto Morelos, Mexico concerning the impact of in-situ declines in saturation state (Oarag) on a reef community. Chapter II is a survey of the impact of saturation state on coral species richness, abundance, and colony size. I observe that while corals are often found in under-saturated waters, species richness, number of individuals, and colony size all decrease with decreasing saturation state. The study concludes that impacts of ocean acidification vary widely by species and geographic distribution, but that overall coral coverage will decline significantly in the 21 st century.
520 $a Chapter III explores the calcification rates of Porites astreoides corals in low and under-saturated waters and compares them to rates of colonies growing in control zones approximately 10m away. I conclude that decreases in saturation state are associated with significant declines in coral calcification, driven mainly by decreasing density of the skeletal material. Additionally, decreasing saturation state was associated with significant increases in the rate of bioerosion by boring organisms.
520 $a In Chapter IV, I address how ocean acidification may impact a reef ecosystem through a year-long recruitment experiment. I deploy limestone tiles in both low saturation and control zones and recover them at 3, 6, and 14 month intervals. Tiles in low saturation zones have up to 70% less coverage of calcifying organisms, coincident with an increase in fleshy algal coverage. Crustose and upright coralline algae are up to 90% less abundant on low saturation tiles after 14 months, despite their ability to establish on the tiles. These findings indicate that calcifying organisms, while physiologically tolerant of low saturation, are outcompeted by fleshy algae under ocean acidification conditions.
520 $a In Chapter V, I explore laboratory experiments on a temperate scleractinian coral, Balanophyllia elegans, to address how decreasing pH and level of nutrition impact coral calcification. In these experiments, I manipulate pCO2 (410, 770, and 1220 muatm) and feeding frequency (3 days vs. 21 days) in a closed seawater system to address the energetic requirements of calcification in corals without the aid of the symbiotic dinoflagellate, zooxanthellae. Planulation rates were affected by food level but not pCO 2, while juvenile mortality was highest under high pCO2 (1220 muatm) and low food (21 day intervals). While net calcification was positive even at 1220 muatm (&sim;3 times current atmospheric pCO2), overall calcification declined by &sim;25-45%, and skeletal density declined by &sim;35-45% as pCO2 increased from 410 to 1220 muatm. Aragonite crystal morphology changed at high pCO2, becoming significantly shorter but not wider at 1220 muatm.
520 $a Combined, these chapters suggest that the response of organisms to ocean acidification will be highly species-specific, complex, and will depend on multiple factors, such as community interactions and feeding amount. There is, however, overwhelming evidence suggesting that coral calcification and reef accretion will decline significantly over the 21st&sim; century.
590 $a School code: 0036.
650 4 $a Biogeochemistry. $3 545717
650 4 $a Physical oceanography. $3 3168433
650 4 $a Hydrologic sciences. $3 3168407
650 4 $a Conservation biology. $3 535736
690 $a 0425
690 $a 0415
690 $a 0388
690 $a 0408
710 2 $a University of California, Santa Cruz. $b Earth Science. $3 2102155
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 76-11B(E).
790 $a 0036
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2015
793 $a English
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3715180