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Submerged breakwater modeling and co...

Foley, Michael J.H.

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Submerged breakwater modeling and coral reef ecological analyses for harbor protection.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Submerged breakwater modeling and coral reef ecological analyses for harbor protection./
Author:	Foley, Michael J.H.
Description:	282 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 77-01(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International77-01B(E).
Subject:	Civil engineering. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3717170
ISBN:	9781321965841

Submerged breakwater modeling and coral reef ecological analyses for harbor protection.
Foley, Michael J.H.

Submerged breakwater modeling and coral reef ecological analyses for harbor protection. - 282 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 77-01(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Hawai'i at Manoa, 2015.

This dissertation provides insight into the previously unexplored option of using submerged breakwater structures to provide harbor protection while simultaneously providing ecological and recreational value as coral reefs. Chapter 1 provides background on the concept of multifunctional reefs and how they can be used to protect the Kahului Harbor on the island of Maui, Hawai'i. In Chapter 2, a numerical wave response model was developed to determine how a multifunctional reef of various dimensions and orientations would influence the wave energy inside the Kahului Harbor. The numerical model results were validated with a physical scale wave response model as discussed in Chapter 3. Further numerical modeling to explore the effect of various reef shapes are discussed in Chapter 4. In Chapter 5, the costs and benefits of various coastal engineering technologies for the design and construction of the submerged breakwater structure were considered. In Chapter 6, the relationship between substrate characteristics and coral colonization was investigated through coral recruitment experiments and study of field conditions in order to develop the biological information needed in the ecological engineering of the artificial coral reef. The significant findings from this dissertation research are summarized in Chapter 7.

ISBN: 9781321965841Subjects--Topical Terms:

860360
Civil engineering.

Submerged breakwater modeling and coral reef ecological analyses for harbor protection.
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100 1 $a Foley, Michael J.H. $3 3181486
245 1 0 $a Submerged breakwater modeling and coral reef ecological analyses for harbor protection.
300 $a 282 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 77-01(E), Section: B.
500 $a Adviser: Amarjit Singh.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Hawai'i at Manoa, 2015.
520 $a This dissertation provides insight into the previously unexplored option of using submerged breakwater structures to provide harbor protection while simultaneously providing ecological and recreational value as coral reefs. Chapter 1 provides background on the concept of multifunctional reefs and how they can be used to protect the Kahului Harbor on the island of Maui, Hawai'i. In Chapter 2, a numerical wave response model was developed to determine how a multifunctional reef of various dimensions and orientations would influence the wave energy inside the Kahului Harbor. The numerical model results were validated with a physical scale wave response model as discussed in Chapter 3. Further numerical modeling to explore the effect of various reef shapes are discussed in Chapter 4. In Chapter 5, the costs and benefits of various coastal engineering technologies for the design and construction of the submerged breakwater structure were considered. In Chapter 6, the relationship between substrate characteristics and coral colonization was investigated through coral recruitment experiments and study of field conditions in order to develop the biological information needed in the ecological engineering of the artificial coral reef. The significant findings from this dissertation research are summarized in Chapter 7.
520 $a This dissertation research introduces the concept of a multifunctional reef as a means to at least partially mitigate the significant impacts of the modernization of the Kahului Harbor. A multifunctional reef is an engineered structure that alters the bathymetry of the sea floor to supplement the benefits that naturally occurring reefs provide to a coastal area or partially mitigate reef damage. Benefits of building a multifunctional reef include coastal protection, marine habitat, and a venue for recreational activities such as surfing, fishing and diving. The proposed multifunctional reef located on the ocean side of the Kahului Harbor's east breakwater would serve two primary functions. First, a sophisticated reef design would shoal and refract approaching waves before they enter the harbor, thereby reducing the amount of wave energy that disturbs harbor operations. In this sense, the multifunctional reef will function as a coastal engineering structure known as a submerged breakwater, so the terms are used interchangeably in this dissertation. Second, the multifunctional reef would provide significant ecological value by being specifically designed to provide habitat for coral reef species. This function is commonly known in marine biology as an artificial reef, so the multifunctional reef is also referred to as such in this document.
520 $a Based on a comprehensive wave data analysis, the numerical study used a predominant wave direction of 17.5° (east from north), wave height of 1 meter (m), and a wave period of range 4 to 18 seconds (s). The study considered the orientations of a submerged breakwater with respect to the geographic north that varied from 105° to 150° in steps of 15°. The length, breadth and depth of submergence of the proposed breakwater in the model was varied from 100m to 150m, 7m to 21m, and 1m to 5m, respectively, and the results for the wave transmission coefficient inside the harbor and along the approach channel were calculated for each case. The investigation critically reviewed and compared the results obtained from all the combinations of orientation, length, breadth and depth of submergence of the breakwater structure. The results of the numerical model investigation indicated that the optimal Kahului Harbor submerged breakwater will have a length of 100m, width of 15m, submergence depth of 1m, orientation of 135°, and be placed 280m offshore from the existing eastern breakwater.
520 $a A field study was conducted in the vicinity of proposed artificial reef site at Kahului Harbor in order to relate the topographic features of the surrounding environment to the levels of live coral coverage. These data provide information on what types of communities will develop on the proposed submerged breakwater. The benthic zone was surveyed using a drop camera system and by SCUBA divers who recorded in-situ observations. Of the area surveyed, the highest density of coral coverage (>90% cover on 60% of the area) was found on an adjacent natural reef area that was characterized by spur and groove geomorphology with a high degree of macro- and micro-topographic complexity. In contrast, sparse coral cover was discovered on the concrete armor units of the existing east breakwater structure. No live coral cover was observed on the sand and carbonate rubble substrate at the proposed artificial reef location. The high coral coverage on the adjacent natural reef suggests that the artificial coral reef design should emulate the natural spur and groove structure with regards to topographic complexity on multiple scales, orientation with wave direction, and water depth. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
590 $a School code: 0085.
650 4 $a Civil engineering. $3 860360
650 4 $a Ocean engineering. $3 660731
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710 2 $a University of Hawai'i at Manoa. $3 1017511
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 77-01B(E).
790 $a 0085
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2015
793 $a English
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3717170