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Dietary and stable isotope analyses ...

Whitcombe, Cassandra D.

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Dietary and stable isotope analyses reveal the role of kelp pipefish (Syngnathus californiensis), a presumed cryptic prey, in the diet of the elegant tern (Thalasseus elegans) in southern California waters.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Dietary and stable isotope analyses reveal the role of kelp pipefish (Syngnathus californiensis), a presumed cryptic prey, in the diet of the elegant tern (Thalasseus elegans) in southern California waters./
Author:	Whitcombe, Cassandra D.
Description:	66 p.
Notes:	Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 52-06.
Contained By:	Masters Abstracts International52-06(E).
Subject:	Biology. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=1525260
ISBN:	9781303918742

Dietary and stable isotope analyses reveal the role of kelp pipefish (Syngnathus californiensis), a presumed cryptic prey, in the diet of the elegant tern (Thalasseus elegans) in southern California waters.
Whitcombe, Cassandra D.

Dietary and stable isotope analyses reveal the role of kelp pipefish (Syngnathus californiensis), a presumed cryptic prey, in the diet of the elegant tern (Thalasseus elegans) in southern California waters. - 66 p.

Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 52-06.

Thesis (M.S.)--California State University, Fullerton, 2014.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Species composition of dropped fish collected at Elegant Tern ( Thalasseus elegans) colonies in southern California shifted from mainly northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) in the 1990s to >60% kelp pipefish (Syngnathus californiensis) in 2011. This change was unexpected as the Elegant Tern is a shallow-diving, open-water foraging seabird, and the pipefish was assumed to be cryptic in kelp. In response, we tested 2 hypotheses at the Los Angeles Harbor nesting colony in 2012: (1) Kelp pipefish are incorporated into the Elegant Tern diet; and (2) Kelp pipefish occupy a variety of habitats, including surface waters, thus leaving them vulnerable to predation by this tern. Four methods were used to address hypothesis 1: (1) prey deliveries from adult to chick, (2) chick regurgitations, (3) dropped prey, and (4) a stable C and N isotope mixing model in R (SIAR). Pipefish contributed to 8% of identified provisions, 47% of dropped prey, 0% of regurgitations, 58% (95 CI: 0.43, 0.74) of chick diet according to whole blood analyses, and 29% (95% CI: 0, 0.61) of chick diet according to breast muscle analyses. To address hypothesis 2, we compared pipefish isotope values to those of northern anehovy, a planktonic feeder, and determined pipefish habitat use based on field collections and a laboratory experiment. Pipefish and anchovy had similar isotope values suggesting that they occupy a similar trophic position. In the lab, pipefish readily left artificial seaweed habitat whether seeking food or not. Based on field collections we found that pipefish occur not only in kelp but also away from kelp in shallow waters near the surface and near the bottom. The Elegant Tern is an opportunistic predator feeding on a variety of fish and invertebrate prey, including the once presumed cryptic species---kelp pipefish. Such foraging plasticity may be partly responsible for the tern's steady increase in nest numbers over the past 20 years in southern California.

ISBN: 9781303918742Subjects--Topical Terms:

522710
Biology.

Dietary and stable isotope analyses reveal the role of kelp pipefish (Syngnathus californiensis), a presumed cryptic prey, in the diet of the elegant tern (Thalasseus elegans) in southern California waters.
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245 1 0 $a Dietary and stable isotope analyses reveal the role of kelp pipefish (Syngnathus californiensis), a presumed cryptic prey, in the diet of the elegant tern (Thalasseus elegans) in southern California waters.
300 $a 66 p.
500 $a Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 52-06.
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520 $a Species composition of dropped fish collected at Elegant Tern ( Thalasseus elegans) colonies in southern California shifted from mainly northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) in the 1990s to >60% kelp pipefish (Syngnathus californiensis) in 2011. This change was unexpected as the Elegant Tern is a shallow-diving, open-water foraging seabird, and the pipefish was assumed to be cryptic in kelp. In response, we tested 2 hypotheses at the Los Angeles Harbor nesting colony in 2012: (1) Kelp pipefish are incorporated into the Elegant Tern diet; and (2) Kelp pipefish occupy a variety of habitats, including surface waters, thus leaving them vulnerable to predation by this tern. Four methods were used to address hypothesis 1: (1) prey deliveries from adult to chick, (2) chick regurgitations, (3) dropped prey, and (4) a stable C and N isotope mixing model in R (SIAR). Pipefish contributed to 8% of identified provisions, 47% of dropped prey, 0% of regurgitations, 58% (95 CI: 0.43, 0.74) of chick diet according to whole blood analyses, and 29% (95% CI: 0, 0.61) of chick diet according to breast muscle analyses. To address hypothesis 2, we compared pipefish isotope values to those of northern anehovy, a planktonic feeder, and determined pipefish habitat use based on field collections and a laboratory experiment. Pipefish and anchovy had similar isotope values suggesting that they occupy a similar trophic position. In the lab, pipefish readily left artificial seaweed habitat whether seeking food or not. Based on field collections we found that pipefish occur not only in kelp but also away from kelp in shallow waters near the surface and near the bottom. The Elegant Tern is an opportunistic predator feeding on a variety of fish and invertebrate prey, including the once presumed cryptic species---kelp pipefish. Such foraging plasticity may be partly responsible for the tern's steady increase in nest numbers over the past 20 years in southern California.
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