東華大學圖書館 |

Language: English

Help

回圖書館首頁

手機版館藏查詢

Back

Switch To: Labeled | MARC Mode | ISBD

Impacts of U.S. biofuels mandates on...

Alshawaf, Mohammad.

Linked to FindBook

Google Book

Amazon

博客來

Impacts of U.S. biofuels mandates on environmental and energy security.

Record Type:	Language materials, printed : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Impacts of U.S. biofuels mandates on environmental and energy security./
Author:	Alshawaf, Mohammad.
Description:	127 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 75-05(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International75-05B(E).
Subject:	Environmental Management. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3608108
ISBN:	9781303659911

Impacts of U.S. biofuels mandates on environmental and energy security.
Alshawaf, Mohammad.

Impacts of U.S. biofuels mandates on environmental and energy security. - 127 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 75-05(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Massachusetts Boston, 2013.

Congress passed the Energy Policy Act of 2005 and the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 to reduce dependency on foreign oil by increasing the use of biofuels. EISA mandates 36 billion gallons of biofuel production in 2022, representing an increase of 118% in eight years. Existing and new farmland are expected to be employed to produce corn and other feedstock necessary to fulfill the biofuel mandate. There is little research on the potential environmental impact on water resources of meeting the ESIA biofuel mandates.

ISBN: 9781303659911Subjects--Topical Terms:

893809
Environmental Management.

Impacts of U.S. biofuels mandates on environmental and energy security.
LDR:03756nam a2200325 4500 001 1964923
005 20141013105147.5
008 150210s2013 ||||||||||||||||| ||eng d
020 $a 9781303659911
035 $a (MiAaPQ)AAI3608108
035 $a AAI3608108
040 $a MiAaPQ $c MiAaPQ
100 1 $a Alshawaf, Mohammad. $3 2101474
245 1 0 $a Impacts of U.S. biofuels mandates on environmental and energy security.
300 $a 127 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 75-05(E), Section: B.
500 $a Adviser: Ellen M. Douglas.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Massachusetts Boston, 2013.
520 $a Congress passed the Energy Policy Act of 2005 and the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 to reduce dependency on foreign oil by increasing the use of biofuels. EISA mandates 36 billion gallons of biofuel production in 2022, representing an increase of 118% in eight years. Existing and new farmland are expected to be employed to produce corn and other feedstock necessary to fulfill the biofuel mandate. There is little research on the potential environmental impact on water resources of meeting the ESIA biofuel mandates.
520 $a The objectives of this EISA study were twofold. First, the study measured the economic and environmental impact of nitrogen runoff on nation-wide water resources from crop production to meet the EISA 2022 biofuel mandates. Second, the study evaluated the potential effectiveness of EISA 2022 mandates on energy security due to replacing oil with biofuels to meet the energy needs of the transportation sector.
520 $a The study used the SPARROW modeling method to estimate nitrogen fluxes in the Mississippi River basins based on production required to meet the EISA 2022 biofuels mandate. The scenarios results show that biofuel production can result an increase of nitrogen flux to the northern Gulf of Mexico from 270 to 1742 thousand metric tons, that is an increase from 21% to more than 100% from the total nitrogen flux estimated by the EPA, (2011). Using all cellulosic (hay) ethanol or biodiesel to meet the 2022 mandate is expected to significantly reduce nitrogen flux however it requires approximately 25% more land than the land needed in EISA specified 2022 scenario. The estimated environmental economic cost of producing 36 billion gallons of ethanol using corn feedstock to meet the EISA 2022 mandate is estimated to be $23 billion annually. Of that cost, more than 80% is due to the effect on human health.
520 $a One of the main objectives of EISA is to promote energy independence by mandating that U.S. transportation fuel contain domestically produced biofuels, mainly ethanol. However, basic supply and demand forces make the probability remote that the EISA 2022 mandated biofuel production of 36 billion can be used domestically. If the U.S. policy objective is to replace imported oil with domestic sources of energy, then it would be more efficient to use locally produced fossil fuels such as natural gas to power motor vehicles, rather than to pursue the biofuel mandate. On the other hand, if the objective is to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels, then improving the efficiency of cars engines would yield better results. While is it unlikely that the U.S. will stop producing ethanol (Ethanol is used as a MTBE substitute to oxygenate gasoline), investing in higher ethanol blends does not seem to be an efficient solution to energy security.
590 $a School code: 1074.
650 4 $a Environmental Management. $3 893809
650 4 $a Economics, Environmental. $3 1669564
650 4 $a Alternative Energy. $3 1035473
690 $a 0474
690 $a 0438
690 $a 0363
710 2 $a University of Massachusetts Boston. $b Envronmental Sciences/Environmental, Earth and Ocean Sciences (PhD). $3 2101475
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 75-05B(E).
790 $a 1074
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2013
793 $a English
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3608108