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The Use of Multiple Levels of Meanin...

Boudewyn, Megan Ann.

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The Use of Multiple Levels of Meaning during Spoken Language Comprehension.

Record Type:	Language materials, printed : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	The Use of Multiple Levels of Meaning during Spoken Language Comprehension./
Author:	Boudewyn, Megan Ann.
Description:	255 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 74-04(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International74-04B(E).
Subject:	Psychology, General. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3544698
ISBN:	9781267758439

The Use of Multiple Levels of Meaning during Spoken Language Comprehension.
Boudewyn, Megan Ann.

The Use of Multiple Levels of Meaning during Spoken Language Comprehension. - 255 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 74-04(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2012.

During spoken language comprehension, listeners almost always interpret incoming words within a larger language context. However, "language context" does not have a simple definition; the term could be used to refer to many sources of information that contribute meaning to the contextual background, such as the meaning of individual words, or of an entire passage. Importantly, discourse-level context is not a monolithic information source, but instead is composed of meaning information from multiple sources. The first aim of the experiments in this dissertation was to study when and how two sources of meaning information can contribute to the processing of the incoming words in the spoken discourse input, namely: 1) the meaning relations among individual words (word-level semantic relations), and 2) the consolidated meaning representation of a whole passage (discourse-level meaning). The second aim was to assess how cognitive control deficits in patients with schizophrenia affect the processing of word- and discourse-level information. The third aim was to investigate whether individual differences in general cognitive abilities (cognitive control and working memory) affect sensitivity to word-level and discourse-level meaning information during spoken language comprehension in healthy adults. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 established that word-level semantic relations robustly influenced the processing of individual words presented in isolation, whereas their influence on the processing of incoming words in discourse context was weaker (although still significant). In contrast, discourse-level meaning was found to have a rapid and powerful effect on the processing of words in discourse. Importantly, word-level semantic relations and discourse-level meaning were found to have an interactive effect, providing additional processing benefits for words that fit well with word- and discourse-level context. Experiment 3 tested the ability of schizophrenia patients to benefit from these two levels of meaning information during discourse comprehension; patients showed intact sensitivity to word-level semantic relations, but an inability to benefit from discourse-level meaning under cognitive-control demanding conditions. When word-level semantic relations were not present, patients were unable to distinguish between whether incoming words related well with the overall discourse meaning. This suggests that is it specifically when cognitive control demands are taxed that schizophrenia patients are impaired in processing discourse. Experiments 4 and 5 examined the influence of individual differences in cognitive control and working memory capacity on the processing of word-level semantic relations and discourse-level meaning in healthy adults. The results showed that, for words in spoken sentences, suppression ability significantly predicted sensitivity to word-level meaning relations: individuals with poor suppression ability were more sensitive to the presence of lexical associations (Experiment 4). For words in spoken discourse (Experiment 5), working memory significantly predicted sensitivity to word-level meaning relations, such that low working memory capacity individuals showed larger effects of lexical association. Further, the topographic distribution of the electrophysiological effects of discourse-level meaning varied as a function of working memory capacity, suggesting that high working memory capacity individuals recruit a different configuration of neural regions when relating incoming words into the developing discourse representation.

ISBN: 9781267758439Subjects--Topical Terms:

1018034
Psychology, General.

The Use of Multiple Levels of Meaning during Spoken Language Comprehension.
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245 1 4 $a The Use of Multiple Levels of Meaning during Spoken Language Comprehension.
300 $a 255 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 74-04(E), Section: B.
500 $a Adviser: Tamara Y. Swaab.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2012.
520 $a During spoken language comprehension, listeners almost always interpret incoming words within a larger language context. However, "language context" does not have a simple definition; the term could be used to refer to many sources of information that contribute meaning to the contextual background, such as the meaning of individual words, or of an entire passage. Importantly, discourse-level context is not a monolithic information source, but instead is composed of meaning information from multiple sources. The first aim of the experiments in this dissertation was to study when and how two sources of meaning information can contribute to the processing of the incoming words in the spoken discourse input, namely: 1) the meaning relations among individual words (word-level semantic relations), and 2) the consolidated meaning representation of a whole passage (discourse-level meaning). The second aim was to assess how cognitive control deficits in patients with schizophrenia affect the processing of word- and discourse-level information. The third aim was to investigate whether individual differences in general cognitive abilities (cognitive control and working memory) affect sensitivity to word-level and discourse-level meaning information during spoken language comprehension in healthy adults. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 established that word-level semantic relations robustly influenced the processing of individual words presented in isolation, whereas their influence on the processing of incoming words in discourse context was weaker (although still significant). In contrast, discourse-level meaning was found to have a rapid and powerful effect on the processing of words in discourse. Importantly, word-level semantic relations and discourse-level meaning were found to have an interactive effect, providing additional processing benefits for words that fit well with word- and discourse-level context. Experiment 3 tested the ability of schizophrenia patients to benefit from these two levels of meaning information during discourse comprehension; patients showed intact sensitivity to word-level semantic relations, but an inability to benefit from discourse-level meaning under cognitive-control demanding conditions. When word-level semantic relations were not present, patients were unable to distinguish between whether incoming words related well with the overall discourse meaning. This suggests that is it specifically when cognitive control demands are taxed that schizophrenia patients are impaired in processing discourse. Experiments 4 and 5 examined the influence of individual differences in cognitive control and working memory capacity on the processing of word-level semantic relations and discourse-level meaning in healthy adults. The results showed that, for words in spoken sentences, suppression ability significantly predicted sensitivity to word-level meaning relations: individuals with poor suppression ability were more sensitive to the presence of lexical associations (Experiment 4). For words in spoken discourse (Experiment 5), working memory significantly predicted sensitivity to word-level meaning relations, such that low working memory capacity individuals showed larger effects of lexical association. Further, the topographic distribution of the electrophysiological effects of discourse-level meaning varied as a function of working memory capacity, suggesting that high working memory capacity individuals recruit a different configuration of neural regions when relating incoming words into the developing discourse representation.
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