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THE NEGATIVE INFLUENCE OF MAHAN ON T...

BOWLING, ROLAND ALFRED.

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THE NEGATIVE INFLUENCE OF MAHAN ON THE PROTECTION OF SHIPPING IN WARTIME: THE CONVOY CONTROVERSY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY.

Record Type:	Language materials, printed : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	THE NEGATIVE INFLUENCE OF MAHAN ON THE PROTECTION OF SHIPPING IN WARTIME: THE CONVOY CONTROVERSY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY./
Author:	BOWLING, ROLAND ALFRED.
Description:	689 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 41-05, Section: A, page: 2241.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International41-05A.
Subject:	History, Modern. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=8024828

THE NEGATIVE INFLUENCE OF MAHAN ON THE PROTECTION OF SHIPPING IN WARTIME: THE CONVOY CONTROVERSY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY.
BOWLING, ROLAND ALFRED.

THE NEGATIVE INFLUENCE OF MAHAN ON THE PROTECTION OF SHIPPING IN WARTIME: THE CONVOY CONTROVERSY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY. - 689 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 41-05, Section: A, page: 2241.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Maine, 1980.

This study was undertaken to determine why the "ancient practice of convoy" was not universally adopted until well into World War I and why it was not adopted sooner in World War II despite its proven success under modern conditions against the submarine version of the guerre de course in World War I.Subjects--Topical Terms:

516334
History, Modern.

THE NEGATIVE INFLUENCE OF MAHAN ON THE PROTECTION OF SHIPPING IN WARTIME: THE CONVOY CONTROVERSY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY.
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100 1 $a BOWLING, ROLAND ALFRED. $3 2099994
245 1 4 $a THE NEGATIVE INFLUENCE OF MAHAN ON THE PROTECTION OF SHIPPING IN WARTIME: THE CONVOY CONTROVERSY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY.
300 $a 689 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 41-05, Section: A, page: 2241.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Maine, 1980.
520 $a This study was undertaken to determine why the "ancient practice of convoy" was not universally adopted until well into World War I and why it was not adopted sooner in World War II despite its proven success under modern conditions against the submarine version of the guerre de course in World War I.
520 $a The major conclusions of the study are as follows. Since the last decade of the nineteenth century, Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan, United States Navy, has had more influence worldwide on the formulation of national policies and naval strategy in general and the protection of shipping in wartime in particular than any other individual in modern times. Specifically, his conclusions regarding the superiority of "capital ships," the decisiveness of "big battles," and the "irregular secondary . . . inconclusive . . . {and} indecisive" nature of commerce destroying have been accepted almost without question as the foundation upon which navies have been built and employed. Conversely, his strong support of convoying as being superior to hunting for marauders has been virtually ignored.
520 $a The first true test of Mahan's concepts of naval warfare came during World War I. Only one of his major conclusions, the superior efficacy of convoying, survived the ultimate trial by combat. In spite of her unique maritime commanding position to seaward of Europe and possession of a superior battlefleet, Great Britain was unable to achieve absolute military command of the sea as envisioned by Mahan. The supposedly decisive Battle of Jutland was indecisive. On the other hand, Great Britain and her Allies came close to losing the war as a result of the German submarine version of the guerre de course, a method of naval warfare characterized by Mahan as "secondary" and "indecisive" in nature. Only the belated adoption by the Allies of the "ancient practice of convoy" snatched victory from imminent defeat.
520 $a Despite this refutation under modern combat conditions of some of Mahan's most accepted "principles"--but vindication of his conclusion that convoy was the most effective measure against the guerre de course--the international community between wars continued to adhere to Mahan's "principles" and the illusion that the submarine version of the guerre de course could be outlawed by international proscriptions. As a result, on the eve of World War II the four most powerful naval antagonists in that conflict--Great Britain, the United States, Germany, and Japan--had prepared for a naval war along the lines of a super-Jutland in accordance with the "principle" of Mahan that such a battle would be decisive of all issues, including the protection of the victor's merchant shipping.
520 $a The consequences of this unbounded faith in Mahan were that the depredations of German U-boats against the Allied sea lines of communication in the Atlantic once again came close to being the decisive factor in the war; and in the Pacific, the Japanese merchant marine was virtually annihilated, largely by American submarines, well before the atomic holocausts visited upon Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
520 $a The magnitude of the success of the German submarine campaigns against Allied shipping in World War I and World War II and the virtual annihilation of the Japanese merchant marine in the latter war provide proof that Mahan's conclusion regarding the "secondary" and "inconclusive" nature of a war on shipping is no longer valid--if ever. In a modern, industrial, logistics-dependent world, the destruction of merchant shipping--as opposed to commerce destroying--has become a primary and potentially decisive method of naval warfare.
520 $a In view of the foregoing, the conclusion is inescapable that so far this century Mahan's influence on national policies and naval strategy has had a decidedly negative effect on measures adopted for the protection of shipping in wartime.
590 $a School code: 0113.
650 4 $a History, Modern. $3 516334
690 $a 0582
710 2 $a The University of Maine. $3 1029373
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 41-05A.
790 $a 0113
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 1980
793 $a English
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=8024828